Woman Must Marry in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay

Jane Austen knowingly stated the problems in society with a particular emphasis on the harshness of the culture towards women. During her time little girls were raised being taught about the dire circumstances of a woman who did not marry well. Little girls were taught to be multi-lingual, artistic, cultured, musically inclined, and other inconsequential skills. These skills were required to make a good match for a wealthy man, which was their only goal in life. This is furthermore expressed, as Sheehan states , â€Å"Familial aspirations, coupled with women’s increased dependence on marriage for financial survival, made courtship a central focus of women’s lives† (n.pag.). Society was entirely driven by marriage. Jane Austen noticed this†¦show more content†¦Jane and Elizabeth shared the same radical idea of marrying a man because of the size of their heart instead of the size of their pocket book. The girls fought against the social normality an d married for nothing more than the deepest affection. This was clear when Elizabeth refuses to marry her cousin, Mr. Collins. Their marriage would have benefitted the entire family because it meant the younger girls would have a place to live, even if their father died. Mr. Collins was a nice enough man. His kind demeanor is shown when he works to repair the damaged family bond that was torn between his father and Mr. Bennet. His consideration of this made it evident that he had everyone’s best interest at heart. Yet because Elizabeth did not love him, she refused him breaking her mother’s heart in the process. The concept of a dowry also expresses the large extent to which marriage was consumed by thoughts of money. â€Å"A dowry is the property that a wife brings to her husband on marriage. In Europe, The dowry has a long history, frequently serving only to enhance the desirability of a woman for marriage but also to build the power and wealth of great families†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dowry 205). The Bennet family’s lack of fortune ensures that the girls would have a very difficult time finding a suitable husband. The only way they can survive without marrying well is if their dad had set aside some of his annual income toShow MoreRelated With particular reference to the novel opening, how does Jane Austen1247 Words   |  5 Pagesthe novel opening, how does Jane Austen present the role of women in pride and prejudice? Pride and Predujice With particular reference to the novel opening, how does Jane Austen present the role of women in pride and prejudice? Pride and prejudice was first published in 1893, this was a time when it just became acceptable for women to write and publish books. Pride and prejudice was set in the early 19th century in rural England. Pride and Prejudice is the story of Mr and Mrs BennetRead MoreSocial Commentary on Love and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin1734 Words   |  7 PagesPride and Prejudice Love and Marriage Jane Austen shows the readers within the first sentence what the plot and main theme of Pride and Prejudice is and what social ideas she plans on presenting through this novel. The first sentence of Pride and Prejudice stands as one of the most famous introductory lines in literature. It states, â€Å"it is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife† (Austen 5). This statement puts the novel inRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen933 Words   |  4 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was first published in 1813(Gary vii) a time when women had â€Å"few legal and economic rights or even receiving little respect, women can be seen as oppressed victims of a patriarchal society, subordinate first to their fathers and, then, to their husbands who had, of course, been selected by their fathers† (Swords, 76-82). At first glance one might think that Pride and Prejudice reinforces sexist ster eotypes, however upon further examination of Jane Austen and herRead MoreJane Austen s Life And Prejudice1430 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 in Steventon, Hampshire, England. She was the seventh child and second daughter of Cassandra and George Austen. Jane Austen s life was one of the most transformative eras in British history. The American Revolution, The French Revolution, family and societal views caused Jane Austen s life to be influenced in several ways. Jane Austen was a conservative female who spent most of her time writing novels that reflected her views on love, war, reputation, andRead MoreThe Course of True Love Never Did Run Smooth in Pride and Prejudice1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe course of true love never did run smooth in â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† The idiom â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth† implies that the path to love is never simple and straight forward. The path to true love is filled with difficulties and obstacles from society, religion, or culture. In â€Å"Pride and Prejudice,† none exemplify this idiom more than the couples Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth and Mr. Bingley and Jane. The idea behind the proverb plays a central role in constructing the plot of theRead MoreLove in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen1035 Words   |  5 PagesThe course of true love never did run smooth in â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† The idiom â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth† implies that the path to love is never simple and straight forward. The path to true love is filled with difficulties and obstacles from society, religion, or culture. In â€Å"Pride and Prejudice,† none exemplify this idiom more than the couples Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth and Mr. Bingley and Jane. The idea behind the proverb plays a central role in constructing the plot of theRead MoreJane Austen and Her Feminism1158 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen and Her Feminism ---analyzing of feminism revealed in Pride and Prejudice Introduction It is universally acknowledged that Jane Austen was a major woman novelist in English; but it is also a truth that almost as universally ignored that Jane Austen was a feminist. By intensively reading her six novels (Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion) and studying feminism, I have found some significant and fresh thingsRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen981 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Pride and Prejudice† by Jane Austen is a satire novel from 1813. The story is about a couple named the Bennets who try to get their five daughters to marry kind and rich gentlemen. The main characters however are the Bennets’ second and headstrong daughter Elizabeth and Fitzwilliam Darcy, her aristocratic suitor. Throughout the entire novel, the two lovers must overcome pride and prejudice before â€Å"love can bring the novel to its magnificent conclusion†. During the novel, there are two marriage proposals Read MoreGender Roles for Women in Pride and Prejudice897 Words   |  4 PagesFerbruary 2011 Gender Roles for Women in Pride and Prejudice The novel Pride and Prejudice represents life in the middle and upper classes in the 19th century. Jane Austen, the author, does an excellent job of differentiating the status and roles that people play. Georgiana Darcy, the Bennet sisters, and Charlotte Lucas are limited in their opportunities because of their social class, gender, and birthright. Being born into a high social class leaves a woman with no pressuring obligations. GeorgianaRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesStay True Few novels go down in history, and even fewer are remembered as symbols of social change. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is a novel remembered by many, and through the decades, as such a novel. The tale of Elizabeth as she overcomes various oppressions has become a classic. Women throughout Jane Austen’s time period were constantly oppressed by social codes and expectations.These social codes included requirements from chaperoned dates to a limit of expression of emotion. Elizabeth’s

Study Of Culture And Civilizations Of Ancient Egypt

IB Extended Essay Rough Draft Subject: History Title: The study of culture and civilizations of Ancient Egypt Research Question: Was Ancient Egypt one of the core ancient civilizations that allowed future generations to build up their own civilizations and cultures? Name: Ferdinand A. Habijan Jr. Word Count: 3133 Abstract Was Ancient Egypt one of the core ancient civilizations that allowed future generations to build up their own civilizations and cultures? Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization in Africa; it was one of the earliest civilizations in human history, even before Greece or Rome. They developed their own culture and rose as one of the greatest countries that created their own dynasty by themselves. The start of their civilization was around 3100 BC and lasted for about 500 strong years, throughout the years up to modern day; the Egyptian culture has thrived and carries a huge influence even up to today. To keep the peace in the country stable it was in control of various rulers from the early pharaohs to king and queens. One of the key reasons for the success of Ancient Egypt was their ability to adapt to a variety of difficult situations that may have occurred in their kingdom through the many years. Mainly their ability to adapt to the advantages and disadvantages of the Nile river is what allowed them to thrive, being able to work with the possible flooding’s and disasters that came with it. Egypt was the gateway for future civilizations,Show MoreRelatedAncient Sudan (Nubia)1715 Words   |  7 Pagesand southern Egypt. Their history and traditions can be traced to the dawn of civilization. They settled first along the banks of the Nile from Aswan. Along the Nile, they developed one of the oldest and greatest civilizations in Africa until they lost their last kingdom five centuries ago. The Nubians remained as the main rivals to the homeland of Africa’s earliest black culture with a history that can be traced from 3800 B.C. onward through the monuments and artifacts. Ancient Nubia was a landRead MoreA Study On Cheikh Anata Diop956 Words   |  4 Pagess Institute of African Studies. Dr. Diop contributed to the scientific understanding of African history by refuting flawed euro-centric ideas on the origins of Egyptian civilization. T hroughout his work, the main themes of Dr. Diop s work was that Egypt was the center of a vast network linking Africa s main cultures and languages and that it was the product of cultural influences from the African heartland. Therefore, the originators of classical Egyptian civilization were not Mediterranean whitesRead MoreEssay on Ancient Egyptian economic surplus1017 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Effects of Economic Surplus: Egypt Ancient Egypt is such an interesting and amazing society to study due to the various factors that allowed the city and population to thrive. The culture, quite different to other cultures around the world in ancient times, developed quite unique traditions, technologies and ideas. Small features of this society including aligning the 4 corners of the pyramids and being able to divide the year into 365 days makes it truly fascinating, The main reason that thisRead MoreAncient Civilizations1009 Words   |  4 Pages Ancient Civilizations Ancient Civilizations were more pronounced in the Bronze Age. This historical period lies between 4000 to 1200 BCE. Ostensibly, these civilizations were triggered by the onset of irrigations systems, which concomitantly increased food and water supply. Irrigation schemes and availability of food set precedence for people tens of thousands of people to live together in a common geographical location. Cities, states, and centrally developed kingdoms developed. From historicalRead MoreDesign And Innovation : The Sphinx Of Taharqo1171 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION: Since its establishment, the British Museum has been an iconic symbol of human culture, art, and history. It was built around 263 years ago and has served as the storehouse for many iconic discoveries over the centuries (Caleca, 1979). With a collection of almost 8 million artifacts and historical objects, it s hard to choose one. Each object has its own value in the museum and reflects the ancient times (Caleca, 1979). In this paper, we will be discussing the artifact called The SphinxRead MoreThe History Of Ancient Egypt : Egyptology And The Concept Of Culture Appropriation934 Words   |  4 Pagesmusic video, Ancient Egypt is seen as an exotic place in contemporary tourism of Egypt. Many people go to Ancient Egypt because they know that there are geographical differences, mummies, pyramids, tombs and artifacts that seem foreign to many people living in the 21st century. In popular culture, Ancient Egypt seems like a lavish civilization in the middle of the desert. In many ways, the Ancient Egyptian culture draws in tourism for those who are curious about the Ancient Egyptian culture. They comeRead MoreAncient Egypt And Ancient Egyptian Civilization865 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ancient Egyptian Civilization The Ancient Egyptians society is what I think is the best civilization that ever lived. Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. It is one of six civilizations globally to arise independently. From the great pyramids of the military conquests of the New Kingdom, Egypt’s majesty has long entranced archaeologists and historians and created a vibrantRead MoreReligion, Culture And Politics Of Ancient Egypt Civilizations Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesThe study of history through the lens of ecology can teach one about the divergence of religion, culture and politics of ancient society. There were many great civilizations that sprang up and progressed through the ages. One of this civilization was the ancient Egyptian. The Egyptian civilizations settled on the bank of Nile river which influenced the settlers to advance in the social aspect of their lives. In ancien t Egypt, ecology played in important role in the development of their religiousRead MoreIs Studying Ancient Egypt in Its African Context Afrocentric?856 Words   |  4 PagesIs Studying Ancient Egypt in its African Context Afrocentric? Studying Ancient Egypt is African context can be definitively distinguished as Afrocentric. Evidence of this is given from Ancient Egypt’s geographical location, the Ancient Egyptian culture, and linguistics. What is currently known as afrocentrism is a cultural ideology first formed from the work of late nineteenth century and early twentieth century African-American intellectuals. Afrocentrism manifested into its current formRead MoreEgypt : The Egyptian Civilization920 Words   |  4 Pagesabout Egypt we think about pyramids. One of the most famous landmarks in Egypt are the pyramids. The pyramids are what makes Egypt today. However, Egypt was never like that today. This essay well talk about the development of Egyptian civilization by explaining the prehistory of Egypt and identifying three cultural developments or political events that were important to the rise of Egyptian civilization. Also, explaining what happened and why it was important or significant to the rise of Egypt.

Are you hooked Free Essays

It was like an addiction to me, because without any reason spend most of my time searching unnecessary things. Finally I decided to overcome from it and stop using unnecessary searching and Stop wasting my time. Right now I am not hooked with anything. We will write a custom essay sample on Are you hooked or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stress sounds simple but it is a hard thing to deal. Every people faces different types of stress. In my life I also faced lots of stress. But I had three most stressful moments in my life. When was ill I dressed that maybe had a big health problem and was very scared of that. All the time was searching online my symptoms and was hooked that time badly. After that when I was pregnant with my second child I was stressed because my first child was only one and half years old that time. Was thinking how can handle my both kids, because had no one here to help me and was stressed that time. I had sleep problem one time. When went to bed all the time I thought couldn’t sleep at night and was feeling so stressed . For my that thought most of the night I couldn’t sleep. My methods for coping with stress was to change my habits and thoughts. When saw my stress was becoming my distress I just started thinking positively. After some period I had over come from my stresses. Situation that one person sees positively, may another person sees negatively. Stress is simply a body response. Some people takes is easily and some are not. If our stress can notes like positive then it will bring excitement, joy and thrill in our lives. How to cite Are you hooked, Papers

The Reluctant Security Guard free essay sample

The Reluctant Security Guard Companies in today’s society are often required to abide by an abundant amount of rules and regulations imposed upon them which stem from government and law enforcement authority. In analyzing the Case of â€Å"The Reluctant Security Guard† we will examine the decision making process which led to David Tuff effectively ‘whistle blowing’ for what he felt was the right thing to do. The policy that was in place for David Tuff was ultimately an oath he subscribed to when he became a security guard, as well as his integrity of being a former U. S. He was required to abide by the Security Officer’s Manual, which included obeying the rules and regulations of the Superintendent of Police. There is no ambiguity in this. The dilemma of Tuff was whether or not to abide by his companies rules or the Security Officer’s Manual. When the two sources conflicted it caused a situation where whistle blowing was an option. We will write a custom essay sample on The Reluctant Security Guard or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In taking a look at Utilitarianism we can argue that allowing a patron to leave an establishment intoxicated with the intent of operating a vehicle will have a negative effect on society as a whole. The overall utility of allowing this can lead to disastrous tragedy. Tuff voiced this to his company, they would not listen. He did what he could internally with the exception of forming a group of security guards to rally together on this cause and see it through until a change occurred. Traditional utilitarians would deny, however, that any kinds of actions are always right or always wrong. 1 This forces us to take a close look at whether or not what Tuff did was in line with Utilitarian rational. An action whose net benefits are greatest by comparison to the net benefits of all the other possible alternatives. With this in mind Utilitarianism would promote that the greater good would be to select the choice that would benefit society the most, which in this case would be to not allow an intoxicated person to operate a vehicle. If we delve into Kant’s first formulation of the categorical imperative, we can look at his concept of universalizability as it applies to this situation. Are the reasons for whistle blowing in line with reasons everyone can act upon in principle alone? Tuff met with two other security guards regarding the overall issues, they concurred with him that they too had grievances against the company policies. This act promotes the concept of universalizability, and how it can be applied to the moral dilemma that Tuff faced. He now had people on his side, this allowed him to gain emotional momentum which led him to speaking to the press shortly after he met with his co-workers. As far as reversibility applies to this examination, we could deduce that Tuff felt that his actions would be just in that it would apply to him if the table was turned and he was an innocent bystander waiting to bit hit by a drunk driver. Reversibility leads us to challenge the amount of moral worth in the sense of duty that Tuff had to his oath, and to society. There is no doubt Tuff felt that his duties as a U. S. Marine Corps veteran and a sworn in security guard outweighed the conduct and vision of the policy makers at the Blue Mountain Company. An argument can be made that whistle blowing should only be warranted when there is a group or a majority that feels something should be brought to the attention of an outside authority if deemed so. As discussed in the study the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) determined that since his actions were not a concerted effort among him and his colleagues, the company was within their legal rights to fire him. This policy is an ideal policy. There will always be employees that feel something should be talked about with authorities or outside agencies. This conduct cannot be tolerated in business. If a business is conducting policies that are unethical and flat out dangerous to society, it should elevate through the voices of employees. A single employee trying to appeal to an outside agency needs to collectivity petition with his colleagues to be considered to change the policies of his company. David Tuff’s actions were just in utilitarian views. His whistle blowing cost him his job, while keeping drunk drivers off the streets of Minneapolis. Had he waited for his co-workers to petition with him he would have likely been able to be rehired as far as the NLRB is concerned. Whistleblowing is an important and effective tool that should be used by employees in a concerted effort to halt crooked policies and company misconduct when necessary. In such a vast business oriented society with endless loopholes and corners that can be taken which lead to illegal and unethical actions; sometimes the only protection we have are the morally grounded employees within those firms who will stand up for what is right.

Social Performance of Gap Inc.

Introduction Social responsibility means taking care of the interests of the stakeholders of a company1. The stakeholders of a company are the employees, the customers, the government, the suppliers, shareholders and the public in general.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Performance of Gap Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the increasing competition, managers of companies are doing their best to ensure that they stay ahead of competition. Social responsibility to all stakeholders has become a great strategy to enhance competitiveness. Gap Inc. has all the classes of stakeholders. The company has 134,000 employees who work in its various departments worldwide2. It has an approximate customer base of 14 million customers who are served from various stores owned by the company. The company appreciates the fact that in order to achieve success, it must incorporate the help of all the stakeholders. The company also understands that the problems they face in the global business arena are too complex and they can be overcome through combined efforts. The major stakeholders to the company are government officials, manufacturing companies, factory managers, human rights groups, environmental groups, trade unions and investors. The stakeholders play an important role in the social responsibility program of the company. Their input in terms of expertise has seen the company go far. Collaboration with the stakeholders has enabled the company to address issue of child labour in Uzbekistan and improve on the supply chain of the company. The company has collaborated with the International Labour Rights Fund (ILRF) to improve on labour relations and standards in global export business3.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gap Inc. has also collaborated with workers united to help improv e on the garment production in Canada and the United States. This has ensured that the workers in the North America have an ample economic environment. Another stakeholder that collaborates with Gap Inc. is Maquilla Solidarity Network (MSN) to improve on the rights of employees4. This collaboration has seen the increasing respect freedom of association of workers among other benefits. The company also offers other benefits to the employees such sick pay, transport and other employee benefits. These are just some examples of responsibility performance of the Gap Inc. Gap Inc. also operates within the legal requirements hence it is responsible to the government. The company complies with the provisions on employment, minimum and maximum wages of employees, employee safety among other provisions. Social Performance with Regard to Employees Positive Aspects The company views its employees as important stakeholders in the organization. There are many positive aspects of employee social r esponsibility by the company. One positive aspect is encouragement of employees to pursue their goals in the organization. The company encourages the employees to â€Å"wear their passion†. Another positive aspect is on the communication to the employees. The management has always encouraged the communication to the employees on the progress of the company and also on their roles and responsibilities. By encouraging the employees and motivating them to take pride in their jobs has created a positive impact to the society. Employees interact with the customers of the company and if the employees are well motivated, the customers will get better services from them. Employees play a central role in creating a positive impact in the society5. Gap Inc. has entered into collaborations with various human rights groups and trade unions. This shows that the company’s social performance with respect to employees is great. The company has reduced child labour in the companyâ€⠄¢s activities through the collaboration with groups such as the International Labour Rights Forum (ILRF), As You Sow, Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility (ICCR) and Environmental Justice Forum among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Performance of Gap Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By reducing or attempting to eliminate child labour, the company is impacting positively on the society. To start with, the children are rehabilitated and encouraged to attend schools. This gives the children a chance for better lives in the future hence a better society. By employing people who have attained the legal age, the company has set a good precedence to other companies hence the society will reap from this later. Gap Inc. has shown a lot of social responsibility to the employees by following the provisions of the human rights groups and employment law. The company has entered into partnerships with International Labour Rights Forum (ILRF), Workers United, Natural Resources Defence Council (NRDC), Ethical Training Initiative (ETI), Corporate Involvement Program (CIP), and Maquilla Solidarity Network (MSN) among others. This has ensured that the company respects human an employment rights of employees. As a consequence, the company offer attractive salaries to the employees and it strive to reduce occupational hazards. The company also provides insurance to any eventualities which may happen to employees in the course of their duties6. Through providing better services and offering good salaries, the company has contributed positively to the social lives of the people. The company also provides transport facilities to the workers working in various farms such as in Uzbekistan. The lower level employees are also provided with sick pay and sick care where they are paid even when they are on sick leave. With these benefits and incentives, the employees can afford to live comf ortably and take care of their families. By reducing the occupational hazards and providing insurance to the employees, the company ensures that the society is healthy. This is a big positive impact on the society. Negative Aspects Despite the efforts mentioned above, there are negative aspects in responsibility to the employees. One negative aspect is failure to eliminate employment of underage children in the cotton farms in Uzbekistan.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company has only managed to reduce the employment to these underage children but not to eliminate the practice fully. Employment of underage children has impacted negatively on the society. The children do not get a chance to acquire better education and their future is at stake. This is dangerous for the future of the society in general7. Another negative aspect is the fact that the company has partially ignored training and employment development. Very little efforts are directed to this important aspect and this has a negative impact in the society. Employees are trained only on ethical issues but not on work other technical workers. The employees do not stay up to date with the current trends and therefore there is possibility that their services to the company and to the society in general will become obsolete. According to a research conducted by the company on its responsibility to thee employees, 67% of the employees expressed their dissatisfaction with the training prog rams that the company has8. Apart from the good remuneration, the company has ignored other aspects of employee responsibility such as sick pay, provision of food within the work place, organizing of social events and other related benefits. This has a negative effect to the society since it leads to less socialization and a possibility of strained families. These are some aspects that have contributed to poverty and social deprivation of the employees. Conclusion From the above discussion, it is evident that the company has done a lot to enhance employee social responsibility. The company has been striving to create an ample working environment, to remunerate the employees well, provide incentives to the employees and follow general international guidelines in its dealing with employees. This has created a positive impact in the society. However, the company needs to improve on some issues which affect negatively the company’s social responsibility to the employees. The comp any should eliminate employment of minors since this has a negative effect on the society. Additionally, the company should start training facilities for the employees and facilitate growth. This will enable the employees to keep in touch with the recent developments and be able to think rationally. Another issue that the company needs to improve is on provision of social benefits such as vacations, outings, employee team building activities and other activities which enhance the social well being of people9. The opinion of the writer is that the Gap Inc. has achieved a milestone in employee responsibility. When asked about their views about Gap Inc., its 77% of the employees responded that they considered the company to be a great place to work in10. Gap Inc.’s performance with respect to employee responsibility is better compared to that of other companies. This is because of the importance that Gap Inc. attachà © to its employees and other stakeholders in general. The com pany understands that employees are important assets to an organization and they can be used to enhance competitive advantage11. Bibliography Andersen, Erika. Growing great employees: turning ordinary people into extraordinary performers. London: Erika Andersen, 2006. Bourne, Lydia. Stakeholder relationship management: A maturity model for organizational implementation. Burlington: Gower Publishing Ltd, 2009. Gap Inc. Social responsibility. Gap Inc.,2011. Web. Horrigan, Bryan. Corporate social responsibility in the 21st century: debates, models and practices across government, law and business. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2009. Pohl, Manfred and Tolhurst, Nick. Responsible business: How to manage a CSR strategy successfully. London: John Wiley and Sons, 2009. Footnotes 1 Bryan, Horrigan. Corporate social responsibility in the 21st century: debates, models and practices across government, law and business. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2009. 2 Gap Inc. Social responsi bility. Gap Inc., 2011. 3 Gap Inc. Social responsibility. Gap Inc., 2011. 4 Gap Inc. Social responsibility. Gap Inc., 2011. 5 Erika, Andersen. Growing great employees: turning ordinary people into extraordinary performers. London: Erika Andersen, 2006. 6 Gap Inc. Social responsibility. Gap Inc., 2011. 7 Lydia, Bourne. Stakeholder relationship management: A maturity model for organizational implementation. Burlington: Gower Publishing Ltd, 2009. 8 Gap Inc. Social responsibility. Gap Inc., 2011. 9 Manfred, Pohl and Nick, Tolhurst. Responsible business: How to manage a CSR strategy successfully. London: John Wiley and Sons, 2009. 10 Gap Inc. Social responsibility. Gap Inc., 2011. 11 Bryan, Horrigan. Corporate social responsibility in the 21st century: debates, models and practices across government, law and business. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2009. This essay on Social Performance of Gap Inc. was written and submitted by user Preston Nelson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Odyssey

â€Å"THE ODYSSEY† AS A HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL REPRESENTATION OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE PEOPLE AND THE GODS AND GODDESSES OF MT. OLYMPUS The overall objective of this research paper is to identify and discuss â€Å"The Odyssey,† by Homer during his journey of Odysseus following the Fall of Troy. It was during this sojourn that Odysseus encounters various characters, and gods as previously indicated, which represent the essential source for this study including the primary source. It is true that the story is set within the context of the Trojan War, but it has been argued by scholars for a long time as to the factuality’s of the events in this story. Overall, it is a tale of adventure and homecoming after a long absence. It has even been debated whether or not the story took place during Greek times or pre-Greek times. Nevertheless, the story is alive with characters and adventures. I believe that more than anything, Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey† is an exercise in the meaning of story telling through song and other aspects in â€Å"The Odyssey,† including lying and the lore, as I shall explain. Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey,† is basically the story of the wanderings of Odysseus, but it is not in the form of a continuous narrative that this story is told. Clearly, â€Å"The Odyssey† incorporates materials that are older than the poem itself, and foremost among them in all likelihood was the tale of Odysseus’ wanderings immediately falling the Fall of Troy which is narrated by Odysseus at the banquet given in his honor by the Phaeaceans. This narration may well have constituted a separate poem or lie which was worked into a longer narrative by a later poet whom we know as Homer and his primary concern was not with the adventures of Odysseus but with his relationship with his wife and son. This later poet undoubtedly had to deal with the character of Odysseus as it was then current in folk lore - ... Free Essays on The Odyssey Free Essays on The Odyssey The Odyssey Odysseus, is an epic hero in "The Odyssey by Homer" which is an epic story that has been a significant piece of literature since it was first composed and will remain so for ages to come . One of the reasons it has so is because of the hero, Odysseus . Odysseus is one of the first Greek mythic heroes' renowned for his brain as well as his muscle . He is a man with an intelligent mind , he is also a man with outstanding bravery . We also shouldn't forget that he is a topnotch athlete which only adds to this seemingly insuperable character . It is no wonder why many people refer to Odysseus as a powerful mythic hero . Odysseus often hesitates before acting , since he uses his reason and gift to evaluate things . This patience is one of his most important additional attributes . This has saved him and his men many of times , and it can be seen in various instances throughout his travels such as when he disguised himself as a beggar when he finally reached Ithaca , waiting for the right moment to reveal himself. As great as he was , Odysseus still had some weaknesses that prolonged his voyage back to Ithaca . His most important weakness that he possess is that of his pride . Pride is good to have , but in Odysseus' case he had to much of it . This is clearly evident in the episode on the Cyclops' island . " Cyclops , if anyone asks you who it was that put out your eye , say it was the brave warrior Odysseus." ( P. 84 ) When Odysseus and his men are clearly safe away from ... Free Essays on The Odyssey â€Å"Tactical Trickery† Tactic, n. â€Å"An expedient for achieving a goal; a maneuver.† (American Heritage College Dictionary, co.2000) Tactics are important strategies that a person can devise and employ in order to earn what they strive for. In warfare as well as other â€Å"sticky situations†, tactics often prove to be a salvation. In his epic the Odyssey, Homer studies the use of tactics through three specific characters: Odysseus, Athena, and Penelope. Athena, the mythological Greek goddess of warfare, was known for her strategic planning. Aware of this, Homer highlights this fact through her actions in the Odyssey. In preparation for Odysseus’ visit to the Phaiakians, Athena disguises herself as a crier of the king, letting the people know that Odysseus, famous war hero, was coming. (289) Pouring â€Å"her grace out upon him,† Athena impresses the Phaiakians with Odysseus’ splendor. (290) She uses these tactics to ensure that the suspicious Phaiakian people will help Odysseus and his men. Later, Athena discloses her role to Odysseus. â€Å"†¦I who made the Phaiakians befriend you†¦I planned it so.† (368) Homer uses Athena’s tactics such as this to prove that the gods were on Odysseus’ side. Later, Athena also dresses Odysseus as a young man: â€Å"As for my change of skin, that is a charm Athena†¦uses as she will.† (405) This tactic is used to impress Telema chus of his heroic father. Again portraying Athena as a great tactician, Homer reminds the reader of her help during the Trojan war, when she helped Odysseus be providing him with the idea of the Trojan horse. (370) Though Athena provided the idea for the Trojan horse, Odysseus, known as the â€Å"Great Tactician† (395) actually carried out the plans for it. Working with Athena or alone, Odysseus often proved to be an excellent tactician. He also managed to save himself and some of his men from the cannibalistic Cyclops through a carefully ... Free Essays on The Odyssey â€Å"THE ODYSSEY† AS A HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL REPRESENTATION OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE PEOPLE AND THE GODS AND GODDESSES OF MT. OLYMPUS The overall objective of this research paper is to identify and discuss â€Å"The Odyssey,† by Homer during his journey of Odysseus following the Fall of Troy. It was during this sojourn that Odysseus encounters various characters, and gods as previously indicated, which represent the essential source for this study including the primary source. It is true that the story is set within the context of the Trojan War, but it has been argued by scholars for a long time as to the factuality’s of the events in this story. Overall, it is a tale of adventure and homecoming after a long absence. It has even been debated whether or not the story took place during Greek times or pre-Greek times. Nevertheless, the story is alive with characters and adventures. I believe that more than anything, Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey† is an exercise in the meaning of story telling through song and other aspects in â€Å"The Odyssey,† including lying and the lore, as I shall explain. Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey,† is basically the story of the wanderings of Odysseus, but it is not in the form of a continuous narrative that this story is told. Clearly, â€Å"The Odyssey† incorporates materials that are older than the poem itself, and foremost among them in all likelihood was the tale of Odysseus’ wanderings immediately falling the Fall of Troy which is narrated by Odysseus at the banquet given in his honor by the Phaeaceans. This narration may well have constituted a separate poem or lie which was worked into a longer narrative by a later poet whom we know as Homer and his primary concern was not with the adventures of Odysseus but with his relationship with his wife and son. This later poet undoubtedly had to deal with the character of Odysseus as it was then current in folk lore - ... Free Essays on The Odyssey Homer’s The Odyssey has many different themes. Among them is Telemachos’ own journey from a child to a young man. In the book, Homer shows Telemachos’ change from a child who, lacking his father’s guidance, is not ready to rule a country to an adult who is prepared to take the crown passed down by his father. To better understand Telemachos, some general background of his life much be given. Odysseus, Telemachos’ father and the main character in The Odyssey, left for the Trojan War when his son was only an infant. The hero is gone for 20 years, and Telemachos is raised without a father. Also, while Odysseus was away undergoing the many trials that are described in The Odyssey, 108 suitors have descended upon his palace at Ithaca. Their aim is to convince Penelope, Odysseus’ wife, that her husband is dead and she must remarry. They also have wild parties every night, eat the livestock and food in the palace, and leave Odysseus’ home in disarray every night. Telemachos does not have the strength or the status to get rid of the powerful suitors. He feels that he cannot help his mother, who has promised that she will remarry once she is done weaving a burial shroud for her father-in-law. Penelope is smart, however, and she unravels her weaving every night so she is not yet forced to remarry. At this point, Athena, disguised as Mentor, wisely advises Telemachos to go in search of his father. The young man agrees, and he bravely calls the first assembly since Odysseus’ departure twenty years ago. Telemachos gives a compelling speech on why the suitors should leave his house, but it is evident that he still has a lot of maturing to do. At the end of his speech, â€Å"in hot anger [Telemachos] threw his staff to the ground, his eyes grown bright with tears.† (Book 2, line 86) When Telemachos loses control of his emotions, it is clear that he is still in many ways a child. Finally, Telemachos requests a ... Free Essays on The Odyssey An Honorable Hero? By: Ryan Volk Calvin Coolidge once said, â€Å"No person was ever honored for what he received. Honor has been the reward for what he gave.† In Homer’s epic, The Odyssey, Odysseus is a character that gives nothing, and takes everything, and yet he is still viewed as an honorable man in many people’s eyes. However, Odysseus becomes a hero by telling tales of his past voyages and the miserable endings that they possess. For instance, as Odysseus is telling the Phaiakians about his treacherous voyage to the Laestrygonian land, he makes himself appear to be heroic in his actions, because he attempted to get his men out safely However, all of Odysseus’ actions are really performed in order to benefit Odysseus’ own well-being, not the well being of his crew. The tale that he tells to the Phaiakians is primarily told in order to make them perceive Odysseus as an honorable hero and also so they will aid him in his journey home. As Odysseus begins his tale, he explains to the Phaiakians, â€Å"Six whole days we rowed, six nights, nonstop† (Homer, 233: 88). By starting his melancholy tale with this statement, Odysseus is trying to prove to the Phaiakians that he has determination and bravery. Odysseus then continues his tale by saying, â€Å"I alone anchored my black ship outside† (Homer 233: 104), and â€Å"I tied her fast to the Cliffside† (Homer 233: 106), in order to gain honorable mention from the Phaiakians. It now appears that Odysseus not only possesses determination and bravery, but strength as well. At this point, the Phaiakians are on Odysseus’ side; after all, he is an honorable man. Then Odysseus continues his story and it is evident that the sole purpose of his â€Å"bravery† is to benefit him. Odysseus is not a hero who wants to save or help others; he is only in it for himself. A hero is any person, especially a man, admired for courage, nobility, and ... Free Essays on The Odyssey In The Odyssey written by Homer and translated by Robert Fagles, several themes are made evident, conceived by the nature of the time period, and customs of the Greek people. These molded and shaped the actual flow of events and outcomes of the poem. Beliefs of this characteristic were represented by the sheer reverence towards the gods and the humanities the Greek society exhibited, and are both deeply rooted within the story. In the intricate and well-developed plot of The Odyssey, Homer harmonized several subjects. One of these, was the quest of Telemachos, (titled "Telemachy") in correlation with the journey of his father. In this, he is developed from a childish, passive, and untested boy, to a young man preparing to stand by his fathers side. This is directly connected to the voyage of Odysseus, in that they both lead to the same finale, and are both stepping stones towards wisdom, manhood, and scholarship. Through these voyages certain parallels are drawn concerning Odysseus and Telemachos: the physical journeys, the mental preparations they have produced, and what their emotional status has resulted in. These all partake a immense role in the way the story is set up, stemming from the purpose of each character's journey, their personal challenges, and the difficulties that surround them. The story commences when Odysseus, a valiant hero of the Trojan war, journeys back home. Together with his courageous comrades, and a several vessels, he set sail for his homeland Ithaca. Fated to wander for a full ten years, Odysseus's ships were immediately blown to Thrace by a powerful storm. The expedition had begun. Upon this misfortune, he and his men started a raid on the land of the Cicones. However, this only provided them with temporary success. The Cicones had struck back and defeated a vast majority of Odysseus's crew. This was their first of many disastrous experiences to come. Storms then blew his ships to Libya and the la...

A Report on RMIT University Free-Sample for Students

For every institution to succeeds, it needs to be able to compete favorably with other institutions.RMIT can compete due to stability in its competitive and marketing environment brought about by branding, which is an approach meant to reach the broad market through stylish image created about the   University that attracts many clients making the institution to compete favorably in Australia and worldwide at large. Universities in Australia have laid down crucial approaches that aim to improve the quality of service delivery to its students to attract large markets continually  (Hanvanich, Droge, & â€Å", 2013). The institution was a public university by the act of the Parliament of Victoria in the year 1992 after it was merged with Philip Institute of Technology.Due to its branding and marketing strategy, the University is rated a five-star University by the   Quacquarelli Symonds.The City campus of the University has about 45,000 students studying in across major areas of interests.The University competes favorably due to services offered not only in education , but also easy access to accommodation for the international students. Further, sports and recreational opportunities are provided which help in making a difference and enhance the atmosphere of the University through team and individual sports, recreational activities and student clubs. RMIT University has the largest market in the City of Melbourne due to various contributing factors for instance availability of enough accommodation for the students and the staff.The Unversity offers standard quality academics producing high-quality degree credentials.Just like other institutions, the University when marketing its educational programs and services utilizes platforms such websites, social media, billboards, and history.The media both broadcast and the print also aid the University in reaching its market  (Cravens, 2012). The organization of the University is starting from the top managemnt to students', advanced transport networks and the surrounding localities that are supportive of education, contribute immensely towards the growth of the institution.The University due to these pleasant atmospheres created makes it stand among many Universities in Australia leading to success. In contemporary society, the only option the young generation have leading to success in life is education.This explains why the University is in high demand not only students from Australia but also many international students from various parts of the globe.In addition to the drive mentioned above, the University is situated in the City of Melbourne enabling access by many who resolve to study due to the fact hat they are close the institution.Quality services delivered by the specialized staff employed in the University for instance lectures has also attracted many students and other clients making the university to be in high demand. The institution has a broad target market since it receives students not only from Australia but also from other parts of the world.Hence, it is an international university. The University target market is students either planning tho undertake diploma, vocational courses, undergraduate degree programs or even post graduate courses either in masters or philosophy of doctorate  (Hanvanich, Droge, & â€Å", 2013). The administration right programs for these groups of students who forms the primary source of the University's   market ensuring that it runs accordingly. In the above division of students' taking studies in the University, the charge for the program advances about the level of the program that is being undertaken by such students.An example is that the postgraduate studies pay relatively high fees in comparison to the undergraduates and vocational students (Ho, 2014).Apart from students as the primary market of the University, lecturers, sponsors and the government from the other segment of the market that is also profoundly fundamental to the University to prosper. Royal Melbourne Institute   Technology   utilizes the following marketing mix: RMIT as a global University of technology, design, and enterprise offers various levels of programs ranging from vocational courses, diplomas, degrees, masters, and even Ph.D. programs.Some of the courses offered engineering, environmental and sustainability, health and biomedical sciences, international and community services justice and legal courses;   the list is long  (Freytag & Clarke, 2014) .RMIT University offers both undergraduate and postgraduate diploma and degree programs to the students. The University has been known to be embracing technology in through many courses offered. Since RMIT is an international institute, the courses offered are charged expensively.The fee varies depending on the program one is taking.The Institute offers programs that are affordable by many which as a contributing factor as to why the University has attracted large market globally. The price varies from one course to another depending on the value of the individual course. The University decided to offer courses at relatively small fee charge because Australi has many institutions that offer the same courses.Therefore to compete favorably, the approach has aided to a large extent.The University uses its history to promote itself, for instance, basing on the alumni of the University, showing how prosperous they are after leaving the gates of the University.Many clients on seeing this, get attracted more to the University and even the capacity of getting prospective clients advances  (Brown & Osborne, 2012).Other strategies such as the employment of the media, billboards, and websites contribute immensely to the selling of the University. The University has the upper hand compared to others when it comes to where they are located.Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology is located in the City of Melbourne in Australia  (Brooks, Heffner, & Henderson, 2014).The city has attracted large populations which in turn offers market to the Institute, for instance, specialized lectures, students from the city and many other clients like the tourists and sponsors whose their support makes the University survive in this competitive era. Entails political, social, economic and technological environmental analysis of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology discussed below: Political factors, for instance, the government affects the operation of many institutions, RMIT being one of them.The organization depends on the state of Australia as the primary source of funding (Czinkota & Ronkainen, 2013).At many times the government delays in releasing the funds which hinder the calendar of the University to be fulfilled.Also, the government is responsible for marking laws that either may favor the operation of the institution or may favor them.It is, therefore, clear that political factors affect the functioning of a school either negatively or positively. The economy status of Australia keep on shifting, and therefore it is unpredictable.At times the prices of commodities are high which are needed for the operation of the University (Menegaki, 2012).The University having a fixed fee payment structure in such times is affected negatively since acquiring of such products leads to financial constraints affecting the University.A stable economy leads to stability in the financial status of the University since goods and services are acquired as the budget reads. People's extent in showing willingness to work with the University, supporting it many ways for instance in provision of labor services such as cleaning the University,working for the University as either member of staff and other duties that   help in running the University are some of the crucial social support offered to lead to an enabling environment. The institute being a technology-oriented institution, it has heavily invested in the recent and advanced technologies that target in improving service delivery in the University.Modern technological approaches such as E-Learning programs, access to library materials via the internet and even access to university results using webs are some of the ways the University is employing technology in its running process. Australia has many Universities such The Australian National University, and The University of New South are some of the prominent Universities offering stiff competition to the college  (McKoll-Kennedy & Kiel, 2000).Due to this, the University has made the analysis that for it to survive, it has to better in service delivery skills enhancing quality in production at the same time lowering the cost of access to these services hence small charges by the University are the only two ways to go to compete favorably. Under this section, the weaknesses, opportunities, strength and threats of the University are analyzed (Chen, 2014).They are either based on external or internal environments in which the University operates as follows: The University has a strong position regarding market attraction in comparison to other Universities due to standardized service delivery, good managing approaches, fixed fees charged and the strategic situation of the University in the City accessible to other services, for instance, cheap accommodation. Also, the University employees qualified staff for example qualified lecturers providing quality services.Advertisements are carried out using all forms of media ensuring extensive market reach(Duncan & Tom, 2012, p. 112). Despite the fact that the University faces competition in its process of service delivery, the laid down strategy by the management especially the marketing department has made the University compete favorably.The perception of students and other clients towards the University continually remain to be positive.The contributing reasons to this issue are distinguishable attributes of design employed, product and service advertisement done is decorum.For the University to succeed, proper analysis of the market is paramount.The charges university gives to both students, and its clients also have a profound impact in determining whether an institution succeeds or not.Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology having realized the above marketing strategies, growth and expansion of the university is the only possible option the University has. Brooks, G., Heffner, A., & Henderson, D. (2014). A SWOT analysis of competitive knowledge from social media for a small start-up business. The Review of Business Information Systems, 18(1), 1-56. Brown, & Osborne. (2012). Managing change and innovation in public service organizations. Routledge. (Tol. la 2nd). New York: Routledge. Chen, K. Y. (2014). Improving importance-performance analysis: The role of the zone of tolerance and competitor performance. The case of Taiwan's hot spring  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   hotels.  Tourism Management,  40, 260-272. Cravens, D. (2012). Strategic Marketing, . (Tol. la 6rd International edn). McGraw Hill.: US: Irwin. Czinkota, M. R., & Ronkainen, I. A. (2013).  International marketing. Cengage Learning. Duncan, & Tom. (2012). IMC: using advertising and promotion to build brands. (Tol. la 2nd ed). New York: McGraw-Hill. Freytag, P., & Clarke, A. (2014). Business to Business Market Segmentation. Industrial. Marketing Management Journal, 2(30), 473-486. Hanrahan, & Cole. (2002). â€Å"The Ps are no good without direction† Managing. Informational journal, 9(1), 33-34. Hanvanich, Droge, & â€Å", C. (2013). Reconceptualizing the meaning and domain of marketing knowledge†. Journal of knowledge management, 7(4), 124-135. Ho, J. K. K. (2014). Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis.  European   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   academic research,  2(5), 6478-6492. McKoll-Kennedy, J., & Kiel, G. (2000). Marketing: a strategic approach (Tol. la 6th Ed). South Melbourne: Nelson Thomas. Menegaki, A. N. (2012). A social marketing mix for renewable energy in Europe based on  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   consumer stated preference surveys.  Renewable Energy,  39(1), 30-39.

Geology Volcanoes&Earthquake Assignment21 Assignment

Geology Volcanoes&Earthquake Assignment21 - Assignment Example Because of this, the P-wave shadow zone occurs and seismometers do not record the initial waves. 9. Magnitude refers to the measurement of the energy that an earthquake releases and it may be given through Ritcher scale. The lowest scale is 2.5 or less, which is normally not felt, but is recorded by a seismograph. Scale of 2.5 to 5.4 means minor damage and can be felt most of the time. Scale of 5.5 to 6.0 will cause damage to structures while scale of 6.1 to 6.9 will cause damage in an area with heavy population. Major earthquakes record scales of 7.0 to 7.9 while a magnitude of 8.0 or higher can destroy an entire community located near the epicenter. 10. The intensity of an earthquake means a measure of the earthquake’s power of shaking. The intensity is measured by the Mercalli scale that represents the damage or effect that the earthquake causes. Intensity can range from I to XII given in Roman numerals. 11. Intensity of an earthquake varies for various reasons. It decreases with distance of the earthquake. Intensity also depends on the shape of the building, foundation, or mode of construction. Intensity also varies depending on the near surface or regional geologic conditions. 20. Vertical evacuation refers to a method of evacuation preferred for helping people out of the area affected by an earthquake or Tsunami. It involves structures that resemble artificial hills such as a ramp or a lighthouse. A vertical evacuation used in the case of a Tsunami allows the waves to pass through the lighthouse or ramp while victims seek refuge in top floors. 21. Things that ought to be in an emergency supply kit subsume a flashlight, food, water, weather radio, spare batteries, first aid kit, medical items and seven-day supply of medications, personal hygiene items, multi-purpose tool, hygiene and sanitation items, cell phone with charging system, contact information, emergency

Principals of Finance for the Public Sector Essay

Principals of Finance for the Public Sector - Essay Example This paper will review some of the current issues facing the health care sector. Also, it will look at some of the policies being implemented with their impact on public finance. Health care cover is needed the world over to ensure that there is access to quality health care. Health care cover requires that all members of a region get access to medical facilities. This implies that there is the provision of medical services to people provided they come from that region. In many developed countries, today, it is possible to find that every citizen receives health care benefits without too much money required. The United States is among the developed countries that does not have this for its citizens (Gunnar, 2007, p. 45). This has often been a subject of debate for the nation, and its delegates. There are principles that govern the running of finance when it comes to the health care reform. One of these principles is medical coverage for all the citizens in a country to ensure the improved state of health of all people. This means that, for all government servants, it is vital to have medical cover to ensure that they are taken care of when they fall sick, or are in need of medical care (Gunnar, 2007, p. 56). It helps individuals whenever a situation arises that may need urgent medical attention. Another principle is the provision of medical health care to all citizens without the presence of any financial barriers. This is for citizens within the borders of a country. This principle ensures that citizens in a country enjoy affordable medical care for their medical problems. To make sure that they get this without bias or discrimination, there have been forums that address the plight of minority groups in countries. For example, in the United States, there are forums that seek to speak on the dilemma of the

Yellowstone National Park Essay Example for Free

Yellowstone National Park Essay â€Å"Leisure, in its broadest sense, provides an excellent lens through which we can better understand contemporary Western society’s relationships with nature. † Such a thesis can be best understood through a socio-cultural exploration of the complex relationship of man with nature, and how it has evolved through time. Engaging the literature reveals that there is NO singular ‘nature’ as such, only a diversity of contested natures each â€Å"constituted through a variety of socio-cultural practices from which such natures cannot be plausibly separated† (Macnaghten and Urry, p. 1). For Williams (1972) the idea of ‘nature’ contains an enormous amount of human history, of which the current understanding derive from a complicate array of ideas, linked to may concepts of Western thought (i. e. modernity, democracy, romanticism, etc. ) The ways in which has historically been made singular, abstract and then personified provides key insights on how people thought about themselves, their place in the world, their relationships with each other and the land, their sense of general power and powerlessness in the shaping of their lifeworlds (Macnaghten and Urry, p. 8). In understanding human-nature relationships, a popular theme appears to be religious in tone – the Christian interpretation of the Genesis story. From Merchant (2003), one gets the idea that mankind’s attempt to return to Eden has been a driving force behind Western culture. In the Age of Enlightenment, this manifested in the European zeal to discover new territory, and transforming it into a new paradise through colonization (Adams and Mulligan, 2003; Merchant, 2003) From the patriarchal white European perspective, the New World is depicted as a hapless female in need of rescue. This narrative derived from the story of the Fall of Adam and Eve has been to the detriment of women and people of color (Merchant, 2003; Gibson, 2002). From an environmental frame, we are faced with the message that man ‘screwed up’ paradise, we’re still falling and if we don’t get our act together, things are bound to get worse and we instead get hell on earth (Rees, 2003) – as if we are witnessing endless reruns of Lord of the Rings’ â€Å"The Two Towers† or Star Wars’ â€Å"The Empire Strikes Back. † On the other hand, the mainstream frame on nature maintains that though we did make terrible blunders in managing resources, weve also accomplished a lot for human progress in terms of innovation, technology, and hard work (Porritt, 2005; Boyden, 2004) – a grace-saving â€Å"Return of the King† or â€Å"Return of the Jedi,† of sorts. Images of and references to nature as female, particularly as a â€Å"Mother,† are also found in popular culture. Roach (2003) uses three approaches – gender studies, psychoanalysis, and theology – to unearth the meanings behind the â€Å"Mother Nature† theme, which according to her are generally three: good mother (nurturing and life-giving), bad mother (i. e. gendered references to natural disasters), and hurt mother (repair-based pattern of reconnecting to nature). She illustrates the â€Å"bad mother† motif using an advertisement for the Nissan Pathfinder (a sport utility vehicle), urging the consumer to control your mother, as the SUV helps you control just about anything Mother Nature throws your way. The advertisement’s underlying message is the human conquest of nature and in a gendered manner, the male conquest of females, common throughout Western history and tradition: from Pandora and Eve’s fall from grace, to the Salem witch trials and Sigmund Freuds view of women as ‘morally inferior,’ among others. Movies have also shaped our perception of nature – the untamed, vengeful mother – as evidenced by the popularity of film genres with man-hunting beasts such as â€Å"Jaws† (a great white shark terrorizing a New England town) and â€Å"Anaconda† (a monstrous snake strikes a travelling party deep in the heart of the Amazon). On the other hand, films such as â€Å"Free Willy† tend to highlight Mother Nature’s nurturing side, as the young troubled boy Jesse befriends and develops a bond with fellow orphan Willy, an orca whale in the park aquarium. At the same time these films bring attention to the plight of endangered animals in the wild, and the need for humans to help and protect these creatures. Cartoons and animation targeting the young audience also have a consistent roster of animal characters – think of old Yogi Bear in Yellowstone National Park, Simba the Lion King in the plains of Africa, and more recently Nemo and his underwater exploits. In the end, Roach (2003) argues for the need to draw on other possible images for nature, including the home, as coupling nature too closely to gender affects both feminist and environmental causes negatively, to a certain degree. Cable channels such as Animal Planet, Discovery Channel and National Geographic also provide regular in-depth nature-oriented programs. In a way, these help inform and familiarize today’s largely urban-based generation with nature and ‘the wild,’ and are also powerful means of getting the environmental message across: we need to help save our planet, stop the destruction of ecosystems and protect endangered species. Music is also one influential component in garnering support for the environmental movement. Global concerts in support of environmental causes and projects feature top performers and tend to draw young crowds, such as the 2007 â€Å"Live Earth† concert series initiated by former US Vice-president Al Gore to bring attention to climate change. Overall, the utilization of mass media and technological advances help bring nature closer to people. A recent development is what has been referred to as ‘wildlife tourism,’ based on encounters with non-domesticated animals (Higginbottom, 2004). Tourism is recognized as a very large global business enterprise because people seem to really like travelling. And exotic places, where encounters with wildlife provide people new experiences, stimulate their emotions, and create different impressions, are fast gaining popularity. Wildlife tourism is a fairly recent, specialized aspect of this tourism phenomenon. From a historical perspective, only a generation or two ago, peoples encounter with animals was virtually everyday, with wildlife ubiquitous in the countryside. Today, visions of nature in its gloriously natural state are made available through television. Electronics is now the standard medium for people to experience the wild. Though people may not necessarily be physically in touch with nature, they might be connected mentally to certain aspects of wildlife. Thus in this way, wildlife tourism offers an opportunity to people to get closer to the virtual reality of experiencing nature as our ancestors did. Wildlife tourism provides urbanites the chance to renew their relationship with nature the promise of a different thrill when one faces lions in a safari, or scuba-diving and swimming with whale-sharks in the Pacific. In view of large-scale habitat destruction in the name of progress and development, wildlife tourism provides an essential appeal for governments to help conserve biodiversity. Wildlife tourism now appears to be an important phenomenon, one that has both negative and positive impacts on animals affected by such activities. Negative effects can be in short-term physiological/behavioral changes in individual animals or long-term, i. e. increasing mortality of entire populations which in turn affect the ecosystem. Thus, there is a need for wildlife tourism to be properly managed in a sustainable manner, so as to minimize the impact of animals and their ecosystems. Though people often assume that wildlife tourists tend to empathize with conservation efforts, even they can cause damage, as well as socially and environmentally irresponsible wildlife tour operators. Wildlife tourism is a modern form of leisure, one that augurs well for sustainable development if it could be properly managed and regulated. On a parting note, leisure in its various forms is shaped by our relationship with nature; particularly the way we interact with it, as influenced by our own understanding of nature and how it relates to human existence. Bibliography Adams, W. M. and Mulligan, M. eds. (2003) Decolonizing Nature: Strategies for COnservation in a Postcolonial Era. Sterling, Earthscan Publications. Boyden, S. (2004) The Biology of Civilization: Understanding Human Culture as a Force in Nature. Sydney, University of Sydney Press. Gibson, D. (2002) Environmentalism: Ideology and Power. New York, Nova Science. Higginbottom, K. ed. (2004) Wildlife Tourism: Impacts, Management and Planning. Victoria, Common Ground. Macnaghten, P. and Urry, J. (1998) â€Å"Rethinking nature and society† in Contested Natures. London, Sage. Merchant, C. (2003) Reinventing Eden: The Fate of Nature in Western Culture. London, Routledge. Porritt, J. (2005) Capitalism as if the World Matters. London, Earthscan. Rees, M. (2003) Our Final Century: Will Civilization Survive the Twenty-first Century? London, Arrow. Roach, C. M. (2003) Mother/Nature: Popular Culture and Environmental Ethics. Bloomington, Indian University Press. Williams, J. (1972) as cited by Macnaghten, P. and Urry, J. (1998) â€Å"Rethinking nature and society† in Contested Natures. London, Sage.

The Reliability of Heidegger’s Reading of Plato’s Gigantomachia :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

The Reliability of Heidegger’s Reading of Plato’s Gigantomachia ABSTRACT: At issue is the reliability of Heidegger’s contention that Greek thinking, especially Plato’s, was constricted by an unthought "pre-ontology." "The meaning of being" supposedly guiding and controlling Greek ontology is "Being = presence." This made "the question of the meaning of ousia itself" inaccessible to the Greeks. Heidegger’s Plato’s Sophist is his most extensive treatment of a single dialogue. To test his own reliability, he proposes "to demonstrate, by the success of an actual interpretation of [the Gigantomachia], that this sense of Being [as presence] in fact guided [Plato’s] ontological questioning . . .". I will show Heidegger’s strategy in connecting what he takes to be Plato’s naive pre-ontology — Being = Presence — to the ontology of the Gigantomachia — Being = Power. I will show that Heidegger blatantly misreads the text to make the connection: he completely misses the distinction between bodies and bodiless things. The text makes sense, I will show, if and only if its explicit ontology — Being = Power — is its implicit pre-ontology. Plato wrote his text not to discuss, but to exemplify, Heidegger’s ontology-preontology distinction. He wrote the Gigantomachia for Heidegger, but Heidegger missed it. Heidegger proposed "to demonstrate, by the success of an actual interpretation of [Plato’s gigantomachia] that this sense of Being [as presence] in fact guided the ontological questioning of the Greeks...." I will show Heidegger failed this self-imposed test. Then with Heidegger’s interpretation as a starting point, I will show the basic structure of the text. The organizers of this conference have arbitrarily established a fifteen minute long border artificially confining my thought: Anything that cannot be thought within that boundary cannot be thought or said at this conference. In Plato’s gigantomachia peri tes ousias (Soph. 246-48), the Stranger establishes a border that constricts, not thought, but beings within a sharply defined boundary: "For I am establishing that there is a border that confines the beings in such a way that they are nothing else but power" (247de). (My translation). Heidegger, however, claims Plato’s Stranger establishes this boundary confining beings because a conceptual boundary, analogous to the fifteen minute long boundary established for this conference, constricts Plato’s own thinking: Plato cannot think outside the boundary, the "unthought" implicit "pre-ontology," that controlled all Greek thought; Plato’s gigantomachia peri tes ousias, his "ontology," his explicit "theoretical inquiry explicitly devoted to the meaning of entities," occurs within the confines of this constricting pre-ontology.

Athletic Budgets And Academic Performance Revisited

The article herein actually discusses the need for an athletics department in several educational institutions today to be able to handle the physical development needs of the students within the population. Aside from discussing the importance of the said department, it also aims to show the pros and the cons of implying the said culture in the school institutions with regards the existence of athletes and non-athletes. Undeniably, the study tries to make certain amendments on how the situation could be effectively dealt with. Certainly, the researchers aim to fix the situation through surveying the population involved in the situation thus seeing how well they could deal with the challenges of the matter. Central Theme of the Study When one considers the prospects of improved health, character development, and increased popularity, joining an organized sports team may still seem like the smart thing to do. The journal too points out that more kids are signing up for organized sports today than did any previous generation. The bad news though is that they are dropping out of these sports programs in record numbers. Usually, by the time they’re fifteen, seventy-five percent of kids who have ever played a sport have dropped out of it. Researchers say that such dropouts usually give a surprisingly simple reason for their departure: The games are no longer fun. Indeed, playing on a team can be an exhausting and time-consuming project. Seventeen magazine told its readers that simply trying out for a team may involve working â€Å"three hours a day, five days a week . . . for about one or two weeks. † If you survive that gauntlet and make the team, many more hours of workouts and practice drills are in your future. Typical is the member of a girl’s basketball team who spends over three hours a day training for her game. That time could be spent in doing something more worthwhile. Of course, many youths do not mind the grueling routine. They enjoy the fun and the challenge of perfecting their athletic skills. But there are other reasons why a large number of youths drop out of organized athletics. You need to be aware of them in order to decide whether to join a team or not. Reasons Behind the Study’s Progress Athletics are not for everyone—at least, not everyone should participate without medical supervision. Who especially need supervision? â€Å"Athletic recreation is a questionable option for the pathological hurrier, the type of person who rushes to work, rushes through lunch, and rushes home during the rush hour to rush through chores before rushing to bed. That type of person is very liable to use exercise as just another avenue of rushing to the grave. The study further points out the need of balancing the support for athletics and non-athletics within the student population thus also balancing the activity of the school as centered both on academics and athletic values as implied to the students. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Study The theme of the study had been strongly implied within the discussions. It could not be denied that the researchers actually made it certain that the issue be handled in a more specific manner that involves the examination of the situation through survey approaches. This method of the study actually makes it more applicable in actual situations that most institutions are undergoing right now. Overall Reaction to the Study Overall, the study was able to address all the necessary points of consideration that needs to be dealt with in connection with the said matter. Utilizing survey approach was indeed useful, such process of gaining information for better further applications increase the capability of the study to become highly important to the population of the society that it intends to serve. Understandably, as a scholarly article, the researchers were able to find the necessary points that needs consideration thus giving out a better result for the audience to understand the situation in a much lighter and clearer sense.

Keats Yearned to Transcend the Human Condition Essay

â€Å"Keats yearned to transcend the human condition but could only find a temporary respite from mortality.† Discuss. Keats, through his poetry, has in effect risen above the mortality which was so prominent in his psyche both temporarily and permanently. Much of Keats’s poetry can be seen as an attempt to explore Keats’ acute awareness and musings on the transience of human life. Coloured by his experiences of life and death, and ironically captured in his own sickness and early demise, there is evidence in his poetry which displays moments of visionary understanding of imminent mortality; albeit interspersed within the ambiguous poetry of a man struggling to come to terms with one of life’s most complex mysteries. Keats life experience was of upmost importance in forming this awareness. Contacts with death such as the death of his brother Tom at a young age, as with other members of his family, had a profound impact on the poet. ‘To Autumn’ displays this heightened sense of time and its passing. The vivid description of the transition between the seasons gives the reader an almost snapshot like vision of a moment at the end of autumn with â€Å"all fruit with ripeness to the core;† (I. 6) However we are subtly reminded that this atmosphere of â€Å"fruitfulness† and â€Å"warm days† may soon be destroyed by the â€Å"winnowing wind† of the imminent winter. By the final stanza of the poem, we are given the harrowing reminder of the ready to be slaughtered â€Å"full grown lambs† (III. 30) and the â€Å"gathering swallows† which signify that the new season is pending. At these times it appeared he found a temporary respite through exploring his tortured nature through his poetry. Ward describes poems he wrote in the â€Å"dark months† where he contemplated the subject of death as: â€Å"the only release; poetry itself was a kind of communication with the immortal dead, or of the dead with one another, and the and the poet a birdlike figure who escapes who escapes the bonds of the earth to join them.† (Ward 40) Poetry in a sense provided a method of relief and catharsis for a man surrounded by and near to death. However, Keats yearned to achieve a much more extensive release from the human condition than that gained through the writing of poetry. A letter to George Keats after Tom’s death displayed how this experience congealed John Keats’ belief in immortality: â€Å"The3 last days of poor Tom were of the most distressing nature†¦ yet the common observations of the commonest people on death are as true as their proverbs. I have scare doubt of immortality of some nature or other- neither had Tom† (Walsh 57). A letter to Fanny exposes Keats’ longing to extend his being beyond that of a mortal life: â€Å"how short is the longest Life- I wish to believe in immortality. I wish to live with you forever.† (Ward 359) Keats’ own, soon to be fatal illness surely emphasised the transitory nature of life. The final line of Keats’ Last Sonnet provides additional evidence of this fixation with the capacity for immortality: â€Å"Still to hear her tender- taken breath,/ And so live forever – or else swoon to death† (13– 4). This refusal to accept death and the end of his life is replicated with a powerful allusion to Greek myth at the beginning of ‘Ode to Melancholy’: â€Å"No, no, go not to Lethe, neither twist/ Wolf’s- bane, tight- rooted, for its poisonous wine† (1- 2). Keats, immensely aware of his mortality sought to procure an escape, a means of escaping this doom. Where he was to subsequently find this was through the art of poetry. Ode to a Nightingale explores the relationship between arts and immortality. The nightingale’s song is used as a gateway into the immortal world; a world completely removed from the fleeting mortal one. With the song of the nightingale having been heard and admired by the human race for thousands of years, there is a sense of immortality in its melody which Keats envies: â€Å"Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird,/ No hungry generations tread thee down† (VII. 70- 1). Keats’ heartfelt anguish towards the nightingale is based on the belief that while the individual bird is mortal the species’ artform, that is song, lives on. Likewise Ode on a Grecian Urn, based on an intense meditation on art by Keats, further explores Keats’ interest in mortality, and the capacity which some forms of art have to escape it. â€Å"The theme of what is gone before is the arrest of beauty, the fixity given by art to forms in life which are fluid and impertinent, and the appeal of art from the senses to the spirit† (Garrod in Fraser 68). The artefact which has survived and is being admired for 2,200 years in a sense has a mastery over time which Keats as a mortal does not: â€Å"Thou, silent form, dost tease us out of thought/ As does eternity.† This admiration for art and the artist is furthered at points in his poetry, including in his inferring to ‘Old Meg’ as an, albeit at a more unassuming level, artistic person who â€Å"with her fingers old and brown.. Plaited mats o’rushes.† However, the assumption of Keats holding a steadfast and absolute belief in the capacity for a human to, by some means, achieve a form of immortality may be questioned. Ambiguities and paradoxes in many poems may provide suggest that while there is an obvious interest in the power to retain some form of mortality; this belief is not as unconditional as this. He constantly wrestles with the idea. One critic states that: â€Å"He has found no haven in the world. He is not the fanatic who lives within the mortal security of his safety, which is the security of dogma. Nor is he the dreaming savage who is insecure in his mortality and can thus only guess at heaven† (Pollard 118). This more balanced interpretation of Keats’ opinions can be seen especially in the latter parts of poems which may have begun with a positive emphasis on immortality succeeding over the power of time. In the final stanzas of ‘Ode to a Nightingale’ the whole poem is revealed as effectively a deceit. The nightingale is after all mortal: â€Å"a deceiving elf.† Perhaps Keats’ desire to come in contact with a more sensuous and perpetual world is in fact materialising in a fantasy: â€Å"Was it a vision, or a waking dream?/ Fled is that music: – Do I wake or sleep?† (VIII 79- 80). Similarly while ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’ at first admires the ability of art to have a sense of permanence, this viewpoint transforms in the latter stages. The figures on the urn are, however beautiful, only an artist’s attempt to capture the human nature and event’s portrayed. The paradoxical nature of the poem means that the probing questions asked ultimately have no satisfactory answers. In searching melancholically for synthesis, Keats is conscious of how the concept of eternity is, and always will be, a mystery to us. Ode on Melancholy is another such poem which may substantiate claims that Keats acceptance that art and beauty may not be an essence which has complete immortal qualities. Mayhead (96) argues that this is the case: â€Å"The Melancholy Ode accepts the impermanence of beauty and joy as inevitable†. Keats understands that in a sense â€Å"beauty must die† (III. 21); not all works of art will be able to withstand the test of time. However for Keats art is, if not an actual way to achieve a level of immortality, then the best option he believes he can attempt. This agnostic awareness of the temporary state of human life at this point was heightened by his illness and imminent death. One of his final poems, ‘Sonnet’, perhaps most obviously displays this yearning to transcend the human condition, and an almost prophetic mention of how the poet will find this exemption from mortality: â€Å"When I have fears that I may cease to be Before my pen has glean’d my teeming brain, Before high piled books† (1. 1- 3). Keats longs that his writing’s and creativity will, as a form of art, carry his existence to higher, almost platonic level. Whilst providing temporary respite the impermanence of the human conditions at points through his art, Keats through his works, has managed to further extend his influence far beyond his life on earth through his writings. Works Cited Fraser, G. S. ‘Part 3: Recent Studies.’ John Keats: Odes. London: MacMillan, 1971. Mayhead, Robin. ‘1: The Odes II.’ John Keats. London: Cambridge University Press, 1967. 95- 101 Pollard, David. The Poetry of Keats: Language and Experience. Sussex: The Harvester Press, 1984. The Complete Poems of John Keats. London: Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1994. Ward, Aileen. John Keats: The Making of a Poet . New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1986. Walsh, William. ‘3: The Development of Self.’ Introduction to Keats. London: Methuen and Co., 1981.

Free Essays on Sars And Its Effects On The Asian Economy

The SARS epidemic has all but paralyzed much of the Asian economy by threatening the health of all traders, buyers, and sellers that come in contact with that part of the world or anyone who has been there. The Asian continent has literally been cut off and quarantined from the rest of the world. This epidemic should prove to be a major headache for every decision-making, top-management official whose company is based in Asia. Li & Fung, one of the worlds largest garment traders, has been around for almost one hundred years and has survived through wars, riots, financial panics, and far worse epidemics than SARS. Due to SARS they are now being forced to rethink the way they do business to soften the financial blow as much as possible. They have moved half of their top-management teams to the U.S. and Europe to continue to conduct business with clients who are too frighten to travel to Asia in fear of coming in contact with the air-borne epidemic. They have also divided their work among several Chinese factories in case one of them has to be shut down. But that’s the thing, Li & Fung are a big enough company to make these strategic moves in order to ride out the storm while thousands of other companies are not and will most likely go under. Trade is the backbone of the Asian economy and it is done on a personal, face to face basis and can’t be done over the phone because it requires one to be able to make judgments and look at the other person’s body language in order to correctly read that person. Many companies are going to have to change the way they do business and make trade if this epidemic drags on for a few more months; otherwise the financial impact will most likely prove to be too much for them and they will be forced to close or file for bankruptcy. This is going to be a challenge for the owners and decision-making managers but lucky for them this is 2003 and they can take advantage of all of the high-tech in... Free Essays on Sars And Its Effects On The Asian Economy Free Essays on Sars And Its Effects On The Asian Economy The SARS epidemic has all but paralyzed much of the Asian economy by threatening the health of all traders, buyers, and sellers that come in contact with that part of the world or anyone who has been there. The Asian continent has literally been cut off and quarantined from the rest of the world. This epidemic should prove to be a major headache for every decision-making, top-management official whose company is based in Asia. Li & Fung, one of the worlds largest garment traders, has been around for almost one hundred years and has survived through wars, riots, financial panics, and far worse epidemics than SARS. Due to SARS they are now being forced to rethink the way they do business to soften the financial blow as much as possible. They have moved half of their top-management teams to the U.S. and Europe to continue to conduct business with clients who are too frighten to travel to Asia in fear of coming in contact with the air-borne epidemic. They have also divided their work among several Chinese factories in case one of them has to be shut down. But that’s the thing, Li & Fung are a big enough company to make these strategic moves in order to ride out the storm while thousands of other companies are not and will most likely go under. Trade is the backbone of the Asian economy and it is done on a personal, face to face basis and can’t be done over the phone because it requires one to be able to make judgments and look at the other person’s body language in order to correctly read that person. Many companies are going to have to change the way they do business and make trade if this epidemic drags on for a few more months; otherwise the financial impact will most likely prove to be too much for them and they will be forced to close or file for bankruptcy. This is going to be a challenge for the owners and decision-making managers but lucky for them this is 2003 and they can take advantage of all of the high-tech in...

Combine Code Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Combine Code - Essay Example Every stakeholders or shareholders shall also have the right to examine the organization’s books of account to its satisfaction. Dialogues and consultation between the board of directors and the stakeholders should not be limited to the annual general membership (AGM) meeting. In the interest of the public’s and stakeholder’s rights, the accurate state and fiscal condition of the organization shall be fully disclosed to the stakeholders. The United Kingdom’s Corporate Governance Code’s aims to protect the interest of stakeholders or shareholders of the organization in particular and the public’s interest in general. The Governance Code mandates that controls and risk mitigation processes with the aim of protecting the interest of stakeholders are instituted and maintained by the executive board tasked to manage the affairs of the organization on day to day basis. The executive board are mandated to regularly report incidents and or explain in cidents that would appear to be serious breaches in security. B. Explain why over the last two decades, numerous attempts have been made to improve corporate governance in the UK Organizations that operated in multiple jurisdictions have in the past been threatened by scandals or have been embroiled in scandals that affected not only the financial health of the countries where they operate but also the shareholders who are residents of the UK. Foremost of these are financial institutions hold principal offices in the UK or most of its stakeholders are UK residents and the same organizations due to size, operation and influence have threatened the economic health of a country or the region in general if they are not properly managed. Exercising its inherent right to protect the public’s interest, the government has been mandated to ensure that corporate governance is properly implemented in every organization where it has jurisdiction. This is to ensure that any financial mism anagement is detected and mitigated before it can adversely affect the entire organization and the country in general. Corporate governance is a set of controls designed to ensure that all decisions of the executive leadership of an organization are compliant with good governance or if not, the leadership should be able to explain the rationale behind such decisions or directions. The UL Combined Code of Corporate Governance are therefore designed to prevent a national financial crisis that can be rooted from mismanagement or mishandling of funds in particular or the company in general from taking place. Recognizing the need from the experience of other countries, specially the United States, and was affirmed by its own experience in the 2008 financial crisis, the UK reviewed its corporate governance law. The need to improve stricter controls and update the intent and scope of the law prompted the review and revision of the UK combined code of corporate governance. C. Outline the re commendations of the UK Combined Code (2010) concerning the ‘board chairman’ and briefly discuss why the code does not support board duality. Corporate governance practices have been embedded in corporate structures to make corporate officers more aware of their responsibilities and demand from them accountability and transparency in the performance of their fiduciary functions as well as in

I have to write a research paper on the evolution of crying

I have to write a on the evolution of crying - Research Paper Example It is the hope of this author that such an analysis will provide the reader with a greater understanding of human emotional/evolutionary responses as well as the means by which such responses are understood, translated, and acted upon by individuals. Naturally, an evolutionary understanding of the process of crying necessarily requires both a biological, physiological, psychological, and sociological approach. Accordingly, each of these approaches will be analyzed at some length been the preceding analysis. Likewise, in addition to analyzing Charles Darwin and his theories put forward in The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals, current research within the past seven years on the topic will also be heavily relied upon in order to draw a level of inference an understanding on to the subject matter at hand. As with many forms of scientific analysis that seek to draw inference with regards to the early evolution of mankind, it is not always possible to draw directly upon the extant /hard evidence in order to prove the complexities surrounding such a level of emotional and survival – linked behavior. Rather, it is necessary to draw upon current evidence and help to link it to the needs based approach that has so often been proven to exist with regards to the biological process of evolution. ... Said Darwin in The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals, â€Å"The primary function of the secretion of tears, with some mucus, is to lubricate the surface of the eye, and a secondary one, as some believe, is to keep the nostrils damp, so that the inhaled air may be moist, and likewise to favorites power of smelling. But another, and at least equally important function of tears is to wash out particles of dust or other minute objects which make it into the eyes† (Darwin, 2007). From such an observation, the reader can easily determine that although Darwin was cognizant of the fact that human tears were an exhibition that was unique within the animal kingdom, he did not seem to place a very high-value on the way in which the emotional excretion of tears was important or relevant to the evolutionary process itself (Coulson, 2011). Naturally, such an oversight simplifies the expression of tears and calls into question why humans have developed such a response in such stark c ontrast to the other members of the animal kingdom. Ultimately, Darwin does not provide a reasonable rationale for this and such a question has been left up to more recent evolutionary research on to this topic. Although will not be the express purpose of this analysis to analyze other evolutionary interpretations, it must be understood that prior to the last 15 to 20 years, almost all evolutionary explanations surrounding human crying were concentric upon trying to define it as a necessary biological function that helps to lubricate mucous membranes, expunge the body of toxins, or other non-emotional or impact that can definitions and understandings of such an exhibition. However, recent research has helped to broaden the understanding and