Total Quality Management (TQM) as a Significant Issue in the Contemporary Strategic Management

The current paper is devoted to Total Quality Management (TQM) as the present-day cutting edge issue in key administration. The historical backdrop of its development is examined, and the advancement of business center is delineated. TQM underlines consistent improvement at all hierarchical levels, center around steady learning and advancement.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Total Quality Management (TQM) as a Significant Issue in the Contemporary Strategic Management explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The advantage of TQM is in its capacity to give a serious edge to an organization in the exceptionally fierce present day business condition under the states of globalization. TQM is likewise equipped for expanding item quality and consumer loyalty because of expanded client center, which increases the value of it in the cutting edge business settings. There are numerous wellsprings of Total Quality Management cause, since the current idea is ver y noteworthy for chiefs around the world. Absolute Quality Management (TQM) is a nearly new idea in the zone of key administration; it developed during the 1980s primarily as a reaction of the American organizations to the serious weight of associations from Japan (Teeravaraprug, Kitiwanwong, and Tong 102). In any case, there is additionally a conclusion that the making of TQM was the credit of the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) who focused their exertion at guaranteeing Japanese execution and seriousness improvement in the after war years (Powell 16). Ambang claims that TQM rose worldwide as a reaction to the necessities of globalization (83). Consequently, the beginnings of the TQM idea, model, and approach are muddled, and there is significantly less seeing thereof than there is consideration for TQM execution. The TQM approach lays on the supposition that an organization can endure just because of persistent improvement of value (Rampersad 1). In this manner, the TQM way to deal with the structure of the authoritative procedures is centered around quality improvement, improvement of client direction and fulfillment, decrease of expenses and throughput periods (Rampersad 1). TQM empowers any organization to procure adequacy, adaptability, and intensity in activities; it additionally aids decrease of waste because of the accentuation on counteraction endeavors rather than recognition and amendment of mix-ups (Rawlins 19-20). It is clear from the review of the commitment that TQM makes to the working of any business element that it is presently the forefront of vital administration endeavors. The motivation behind the current paper is hence to portray the favorable circumstances offered by TQM in more detail, and to evaluate its viability in the advanced business settings. Assessments of the board scientists in the field of TQM application will likewise be basically surveyed to distinguish the genuine estimation of TQM for vital administrat ive initiatives.Advertising Looking for report on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More TQM is viewed as the cutting edge worldview of the executives (Jafar, Mohammad, Fariba, and Mehrdad 19). TQM remains close by with Supply Chain Management (SCM) as the most significant key methodology for associations (Talib, Rahman, and Qureshi 26). In light of these assessments, one may expect that TQM undoubtedly possesses a focal spot in the cutting edge key administration activities. The central explanation behind the key significance of TQM is that it endeavors to accomplish its objectives (specifically, cost decrease and quality increment) by methods for illuminating all partners about the quality issues (Wienclaw 3). TQM brings the expanded utilization of cooperation and motivates the foundation of imaginative, creative atmosphere at any work environment, which is exceptionally esteemed in the advanced business condition as vital points of interest. It appears to be sensible to assume that the advancement in business standards and approaches isn't tumultuous; there are consistently creative arrangements that meet the changing needs of market members, the two organizations and clients. Hence, the move from industry structure and serious situating that was prevailing in the vital administration before the 1980s might be legitimized by the need of another methodology (Powell 15). It turned out to be clear during the 1980s that an age of new business esteems and abilities came, and the organizations should concentrate on culture, capacities, authoritative aptitudes, know-how, and learning (Powell 15). This change realized the production of TQM that could react to these hierarchical needs. Presently, the TQM rehearses incorporate top administration duty to the reconciliation of TQM over every hierarchical level; client center is the focal component of the TQM usage. Much accentuation is put on preparing instruction as the significant ways of expanding the human capability of the association; constant improvement and advancement become the benchmarks of TQM reconciliation in the association. At long last, the provider the executives and representative administration rehearses guarantee consistence of all business forms and perfect activity in all viewpoints and at all offices (Talib, Rahman, and Qureshi 31). There is no uncertainty that such integrative way to deal with business tasks fates the organization to progress, improvement, and independently directed advancement. One can likewise accept the significance of TQM deciding from the proof of its general beneficial outcome on the company’s activity (Koc 213), and its capacity to realize item wellbeing, adaptability in tasks, quality improvement of the company’s yield, and decrease of the expense of value (Talib, Rahman, and Mehrdad 31).Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Total Quality Mana gement (TQM) as a Significant Issue in the Contemporary Strategic Management explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The usage procedure additionally contains some positive highlights, since it includes the far reaching inward interest of the executives and representatives. Thusly, when the staff of the organization embraces the TQM reasoning both at the individual and aggregate level, the accomplishment of TQM reconciliation turns into a substantially more feasible point of view. Rather than an end, one should take note of that TQM mix in the authoritative setting is right now the main need for supervisors managing key arranging at their working environments. TQM is an all inclusive model expanding the serious edge of the organization, lessening expenses and squander, and expanding item quality. The TQM approach encourages associations to turn out to be more client centered, and to increase more elevated levels of consumer loyalty. Thusly, it is a stage towards anoth er phase in key administration of any association, giving an extensive, all encompassing way to deal with oversight, arranging, and authoritative change. Works Cited Ambang, Tabian. â€Å"Influences of worldwide administration inclines on business associations in Papua New Guinea†. Contemporary PNG Studies: DWU Research Journal. 13 (2010): 81-94. Jafar, Azizi, Mohammad, Taleghani, Fariba, Esmaielpoor, and Gudarzvand Chegini Mehrdad. â€Å"Effect of the quality costing framework on usage and execution of ideal Total Quality Management†. Universal Journal of Business and Management. 5:8 (2010): 19-26. Koc, Tufan. â€Å"The connection among TQM and execution in little assembling endeavors: The intervention impact of failure†. Global Journal of Industrial Engineering. 18:4 (2011): 203-218. Naagarazan, R. S., and Arivalagar, A. A. Complete Quality Management. New Delhi, India: New Age International, 2009.Advertising Searching for report on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Powell, C. Thomas. â€Å"Total Quality Management as upper hand: an audit and observational study†. Key Management Journal. 16 (1995): 15-37. Rampersad, K. Hubert. All out Quality Management: An Executive Guide to Continuous Improvement. New York, NY: Springer, 2010. Rawlins, R. Ashley. All out Quality Management (TQM). Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2008. Talib, Faisal, Rahman, Zillur, and M. N. Qureshi. â€Å"Integrating Total Quality Management and Supply Chain Management: Similarities and benefits†. The IUP Journal of Supply Chain Management. 7:4 (2010): 26-44. Teeravaraprug, Jirarat, Kitiwanwong, Ketlada, and Nuttapon Sae Tong. â€Å"Relationship model and supporting exercises of JIT, TQM and TPM†. Songklanakarin Journal of Science Technology. 33:1 (2011): 101-106. Wienclaw, E. Ruth. â€Å"Business system and policy†. EBSCO Research Starters. 2008 Birmingham, AL: EBSCO Publishing Inc., 2008. This report on Total Quality Management (TQM) as a Significant Issue in the Contemporary Strategic Management was composed and put together by client Grant Snyder to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Julius Nyerere & African Socialism Essay

Communism as cited by Julius Nyerere as â€Å"the demeanor of the mind† and regularly characterized as an arrangement of social associations delivering and disseminating products that are claimed aggregately or by a unified government that frequently plans and controls the economy. In a communist society it is the disposition of brain, and not the unbending adherence to a standard political example, which is expected to guarantee that the individuals care for each other’s government assistance. So as to comprehend African communism better we have to obviously see how a general public works. In a communist society the methods for creation are possessed by the laborers instead of by a rich minority of business people or functionaries. Such an arrangement of proprietorship is both group and individual in nature. Communism won't be a perfect world just made in people’s minds. It will be the result of financial and social turn of events. Presently African communism is a confidence in sharing financial assets in the â€Å"traditional† African way. Numerous African legislators bolstered the â€Å"traditional† African way that is frequently alluded as African Socialism. Julius K. Nyerere who was one of them who later turned into the President of Tanganyika (East Africa) in 1962 and was President of Tanzania (Tanganyika and Zanzibar) from 1964 to 1985. A Socialist and Pan-Africanist, was a power for balance and racial congruity. He worked in close participation with the British experts in his country. In any case, promoters of African communism guaranteed that it was not something contrary to private enterprise or a reaction to it, however something totally unique. They guaranteed their communism was only recovering the soul of what it was to be African. Many accepted that Africa was a long ways behind entrepreneur states as far as monetary turn of events and to contend reasonably with them they required an alternate intrigue to join them. German financial expert Werner Sombart in 1906, in his meaning of American Capitalism expressed, â€Å"America is the Canaan of free enterprise, its guaranteed land. † Capitalism is viewed as a monetary framework recognized by private responsibility for methods for creation and the creation of wares available to be purchased. The cutting edge business organization is a unique formation of the American creative mind. It was first formed to broaden nearby markets, at that point, it turned into a fundamental way to make a national market. Both American industrialization and private enterprise were significantly reliant upon the corporate type of association. Hence emerging a political procedure whereby monetary force can become converted into administrative strategy. American business people had right around a free submit overseeing a nation inconceivably wealthy in common assets. In straight-out challenges of solidarity with both composed and chaotic laborers American entrepreneurs generally triumphed. The very way of thinking of independence encouraged the selection of subjection in the American history. President, Nyerere needed to control a troublesome course by the late 1960s Tanzania was one of the world’s most unfortunate nations. In the same way as other others it was experiencing a serious remote obligation trouble, a lessening in outside guide, and a fall in the cost of items. The goal of communism in the United Republic of Tanzania is to assemble a general public where all individuals have equivalent rights and equivalent chances, in which all can live in harmony with their neighbors without misery or forcing unfairness, being abused, or misusing. The idea of Tanzanian culture was on country advancement. Individuals were empowered (here and there compelled) to live and chip away at a co-employable premise in composed towns or ujamaa (which means ‘family hood’ in Kishwahili). Realize that the approach of ujamaa Vijijini isn't planned to be just a recovery of the old settlement conspires under another name. The Ujamaa town is another origination; â€Å"Understanding that what we have to create is individuals, not things, and that individuals can just create themselves. † Ujamaa towns are expected to be communist associations made by the individuals, and represented by the individuals who live and work in them. They can't be made from outside, nor represented from outside. Nobody can be constrained into a Ujamaa town, and no authority at any level can proceed to mention to the individuals from a Ujamaa town what they ought to do together, and what they should keep on doing as individual ranchers. As indicated by Julius Kambarage Nyerere â€Å"I have said that a tycoon can be a decent communist. In any case, a communist mogul is an uncommon wonder. In fact he is just about an inconsistency in wording. The presence of moguls in any general public is no confirmation of its fortune; they can be created by exceptionally poor nations like Tanganyika similarly just as by rich nations like the United States of America. † He likewise proceeds to state that a mogul can be a communist; he may esteem his riches simply because it very well may be utilized in the administration of his kindred men. Be that as it may, the man who utilizes riches to command any of his colleagues is an entrepreneur. Then again the white populace of the U. S. A. plummeted from European workers who, generally vivacious and autonomous components of their people groups, crossed the sea to get away from mistreatment, oppression and neediness. From the principal settlements on the Eastern coast, with its business towns, they bit by bit extended over the whole mainland, killing in constant battle the Indian locals, clearing the backwoods, quelling the wild, and changing over it into developed land. American capital before long assumed the central job in opening up the Western wilds by burrowing waterways and building railroads. Through its companions in Congress it was compensated for this support of the country with huge designations for abuse, offering not more than the incentives, the structure by which the lawmakers got a lot of the benefits. Established on the standards of individual freedom and self-assurance the incipient United States gave ripe ground to the seeds of Capitalism. Conditions, for example, servitude, dangerous development in the quantity of banks, America’s incredible drive to extend its domain, unbiased exchange during the war between Great Britain and France, and eventually, the Industrial Revolution empowered American Capitalism to develop into a flourishing wilderness. Ayn Rand, a Russian-conceived, American writer and rationalist says,† America’s plenitude was made not by open penances to the benefit of all, yet by the beneficial virtuoso of free men who sought after their very own advantages and the creation of their own private fortunes. â€Å"

Springtime

Springtime The mildest note of warmness singing through the bipolar whimsy of Boston weather reminds me that springtime is about to melt over this hemisphere like a pool of microwaved butter. Spring, wrapped in connotations of sunshine and picnics and flowers and laundry detergent commercials (you know the ones), intimidates the part of my brain that has suffered through literature classes and insists that spring is a time for regeneration and renewal and other synonyms for “change” that I dont have time to look up in a thesaurus. Anyway, the same part of my brain happens to be writing this blog entry, so heres a not-so-subtle hint of the life-changing life changes that have changed my life recently: 1.I declared a major in Physics. 2.It was discovered by the author of the previous sentence that few members of the MIT staff are adequately trained to handle declarations of majors in Physics. Mere hours after my advisor received the “Put-a-check-next-to-what-you-plan-to-do-with-your-life” forms, I went to her office and duly put a check next to the “Theorize-about-things-that-arent-useful” box. She approved my decision, signed off, and sent me to the student services office with the white and yellow copies of the form. The student services office sent me to the Physics department headquarters. The Physics headquarters sent me to the registrars office. The registrars office told me to go back to the student services office. “But then I would get stuck in an endless recursive loop,” I protested. The guy in the registrars office gave up and took my forms anyway. 3.Ive started taking notes in pen and doing my problem sets on blank paper from MITs computer labs. Overall resemblance of my notes/problem sets to ransom notes from psychotic serial killers has decreased by about 60% since implementation of this initiative. I highly suggest the pen + computer lab paper (even better than college-ruled!) method for anyone else who suffers from Handwriting Deficit Disorder. On the down side, I have just taken one step closer to becoming the type of person who wears pocket protectors and color-codes their emails. 4.pika happened (lowercase intentional). By which I do not mean this: pika is an independent, cooperative living group at MIT headquartered in a big blue house in residential Cambridge that fell straight out of a Calvin and Hobbes paradise. In short, its a near-perfect embodiment of everything that your parents wouldnt let you do in the house when you were a kid (including but not limited to: haphazard kitchen experiments, treehouse-building, making soap that looks like gnomes, knocking down and moving around walls, using a deconstructed vending machine as a room door, building MITs first sort-of-but-not-really cold fusion reactor, employing a gigantic tesla coil to set stuffed animals on fire, and inviting your neighbors over for dinner.) No surprise that Ive decided to room at pika over the summer. Theres something inherently attractive about cooperative living outside of the relatively boxed-in college dorm environment, of learning how to cook and work and clean and enjoy your life in a setting completely liberated from the structures imposed by an institution (even one as understanding as MIT). My inner character-builder believes that living in a dorm where cafeterias cook your food, janitors clean your living spaces, and various committees decide upon regulations is about as satisfying as riding a tricycle. Granted, Random Hall is absolutely phenomenal in terms of the freedoms allotted to residents and has thereby turned me into a much more competent person in terms of cooking regularly and surviving non-violently with others (people, that is. Just to be clear.). At this point, however, I think I need to learn how to live with another dimension of freedom. Also, having a treehouse and fun company and gnome soap isnt too bad either. Did I mention that I joined the pika meal plan? (Free for your first quarter! Unbelievably, impossibly cheap even if you do have to pay for it. I think it averages to about 2 dollars per meal, plus a cooking or cleaning duty every other week.) Maita and Jared made incredible mashed potatoes, gravy, tempeh, and string beans a few nights ago. Maita also bakes the greatest bread known to all of civilization, if by civilization you mean 12 or so people at pika. 5.I had an extra hour after class reserved for high-quality procrastination. For some reason, the piano practice rooms on the 2nd floor of building 4 were irresistible at 5 pm in the afternoon, though Ive never been a piano enthusiast beyond whats been required for my composition projects. I stepped inside and gingerly tiptoed through a Mozart excerpt in a music theory textbook, tripping across thick clusters of hesitancy splattered across an angst-ridden soundscape. Nonetheless, the pure radiancy of a single unexpected non-chord tone glistening through a hazy mist of minor harmonies, juiced with rapture, felt incredibly indulgent and existence-affirming. I should do this more often. 6.A few weeks ago, Professor Gilbert Strang made a cameo appearance in my 18.06 lecture and, with the charming irreverence characteristic of professors with tenure, cooly declared to the entire lecture hall that calculus was overrated. Strang is somewhat of an academic celebrity: his linear algebra textbook, creatively titled Linear Algebra, is a critically acclaimed, bestselling landmark in the literary genre of linear algebra textbooks. Professor Strangs previous lectures are also a must-see hit on Youtube, thanks to MIT Open Courseware. On the list of people who have earned the right to diss calculus, Professor Strang would probably be right under the Taylor series guy, who I guess is named Taylor*. *Out of statistical curiosity, is there anyone reading this who knows Taylors first name without checking it on Wikipedia? Anyway, Ive always been a big fan of calculus, just as much as any of the other 20,170 people who claim to be a fan of calculus on Facebook. (Thats right, calculus has a fan page, just like Miley Cyrus, whom Im sure youve all added by now). Strangs disdain for the overstuffing of calculus into college curricula, however, has started to resonate with me. This semester, Im taking Linear Algebra (18.06) and Differential Equations (18.03) concurrently, the downside of which is that 18.06 makes 18.03 look like the grocery bagger at the supermarket checkout who deliberately grouped your groceries in the most incomprehensible way imaginable so that it would take you at least 5 extra minutes to sort through your purchases once you got home. What I mean is that Linear Algebra is a clean, friendly course that nudges you to think about math in a new way, whereas Diff. Eq. is annoyingly mired in details and is reluctant to show you the big picture until after youve solved the same problem 7 time s. Both are massively useful subjects, but Ive started to consciously enjoy 18.06 problem sets and readings much more than 18.03. On a cheerier note, CPW is coming up! Here, in chronological order, is my 100% non-partisan list of events that I wouldnt miss unless I had accidentally broken several limbs immediately beforehand: Make your own truffles (Random Hall) East Campus Dorm Tours (East Campus) LN2 Ice Cream (Random Hall) AWESOME dinner at pika! (pika) Muffinocalypse (Random Hall) Midnight Ultimate Frisbee (Briggs Field) Midnight Capture the Flag Sleepers Anonymous (Random Hall) Minihunt (Random Hall) Meet the Bloggers (because Ive always wanted to meet myself) BEEF (Random Hall) O SIPB inode and fsck block party (Student Information Processing Board) Juggling in closed spaces (Random Hall) RHOP (Random Hall) EAST SIDE WATER WAR Boffing on the roofdeck (Random Hall) BOBAfest (Association of Taiwanese Students) Sushi Boat Dinner (Pika) Trip to JP Licks on Newbury St. Dumpling Eating Contest (Chinese Students Club) Xifan Sunday (Association of Taiwanese Students) Classes to sit in on: 8.022, definitely (Friday morning at 10 AM- ask your host about it). If youre lucky, Professor McGreevy will stand in a Faraday cage while a disembodied hand discharges a gigantic Van der Graff generator in his immediate vicinity. Its quality entertainment. Questions about CPW? Nows the time to ask. Post Tagged #pika

A Review On The Business Concept Essay - 1551 Words

Literature Review Purpose of the review Significance to the business concept: A review of the writing is a crucial piece of my scholastic exploration venture. The review is a watchful examination of an assemblage of writing indicating the solution for my exploration question. The motivation behind a writing review is to assemble beforehand distributed and unpublished material in examination field. Introduction: A Recruitment consultancy, additionally alluded to as a staffing or employment organization, hunt down, meetings and screens candidates for staffing solutions. The objective of an enrolling organization is to fill interim employment opportunities, perpetual opening or both. Moreover, there are many consultancy companies available, who provide manpower to the organization. It is continual process of searching for efficient employees and encouraging them to apply for jobs in an organization. Recruitment consultant plays vital role in every organization as it focuses on the recruitment of people and provides skilled staff to an organization. Also it gives direction to the people who need employment in a particular field. It is a link between the jobs and those seeking jobs. The main role of Recruitment consultant is to train staff as per the requirement of trend and recruit them in suitable company/organization. â€Å"Declared by Schuler, the set of activities and processes used to legally obtain a sufficient number of the right people at the right place and time, soShow MoreRelatedThe Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility: a Review of Concepts, Research and Practice15551 Words   |  63 Pagesof Management Reviews (2010) DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00275.x The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Concepts, Research and Practice ijmr_275 85..106 Archie B. Carroll and Kareem M. 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A Government System Is A Resolute And Dicey Act - 1625 Words

Larimar Rodriguez Argumentative Essay April 17, 2017 UHON Questioning Authority Questioning a government system is a resolute and dicey act. Mahatma Gandhi and George Orwell’s ideals have influenced society to challenge higher power. As they shed light onto the corruption in politics in different manners, both similarly depict the evil of class injustices and that they inevitably result in violence. Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2nd, 1869 into the Bania caste, a Hindu merchant caste family residing in Porbandar, India. Gandhi’s path was greatly influenced by his mother and father and reflects both of their lives. Gandhi’s father, Karamchand Gandhi, served as a chief minister in Porbandar and had hopes of his son following his same†¦show more content†¦When Gandhi was taken into court here for the first time, he was asked to take off his turban and in response, he refused and left the court (Gandhi, 89). It was in South Africa that Gandhi first got involved in campaigns of civil disobedience and protest and eventually established the first anti-colonial political organization in the country (Nanda). In South Africa, Gandhi was sentenced to four terms of imprisonment all for breaching laws that discriminated against Indians and he felt violated their freedom (Nanda). After over two decades in South Africa, Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and became the leader of the Indian Nationalist movement that fought for home rule (Biography.com). Due to Gandhi’s methods of protest being non-violent, it was difficult for the British government to find a reason to put a halt to his actions. Gandhi was unlike other Indian independence activists as he did not advocate direct action to overthrow the British and he would even go as far as discontinuing strikes and protests if he heard plans of rioting and violence (Tejvan). In 1930, Gandhi led a march to the sea in protest of the new Salt Acts to make their own salt in violation of British regulations. In response, hundreds were arrested and Indian jails were full of Indian independence followers. At the point where

No Security Without Development Free Essays

There is no security without development and no development without security. (40 marks) This essay is going to focus on whether there can be no security without development and no development without security. Security can include economic security, social (personal, political and community ) security, health security and food security. We will write a custom essay sample on No Security Without Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Development can include social (hospitals, schools, housing) and infrastructure (communication links roads, power supplies, access to water) aspects. Security and development can both be linked to poverty. So, the question is, if a country or region is living in poverty can either security or development be gained? There cannot be no security without development if people do not own enough land as they do not have social security or do not have land to grow crops, meaning a lack of economic and food security. Afghanistan is a unstable country and is prone to civil wars lasting over 30 years. Only 12% of it’s land is farmable meaning that Afghans are competing for the best land. However, instead of growing crops, they crop poppies that can be used to produce heroin, which generates much more income than crops. This can give some economic security, but defects food security due to the lack of crops grown. There cannot be no security if people live in fear of losing everything in a natural disaster such as an earthquake, tsunami or a volcanic eruption. An example of this is the Asian Tsunami in 2004 that hit countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lankia, India and Thailand. It killed 250000 people in a day, causing mass damage wiping out everything in its way. This meant that houses, infrastructure, health services and businesses were destroyed. With 1. 7 million people homeless, it clasped social security and left many people without food. The 18 countries that were affected lacked security. However, with NGO’s, aid and relief it allowed the countries to develop again which helped to rebuild businesses which helped increase economic security and gave shelter and good supplies which developed to increase social and food security. Therefore, this suggests that with security a country can develop and with development there can be security. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a resource rich country, however, it lacks security. They have a lot of gold but no machines to get it out, lacks development of infrastructure. Unfortunately, no big companies will invest unless the country has peace and gains social security. However, to help the country develop, monitoring of mines is a strategy to help bring security and get resources safely to sell, which provides an income to help the DRC to develop. Sadly, there are not enough conflict free mines such as in Nyabibwe to help full development as there is only partial security. Therefore, this suggests that if there is no security development cannot take place. To conclude, no security without development and no development without security is dependent on an areas status. For example the DRC has conflict and lacks security so no one will invest to help development, whereas a country like Indonesia, where a natural disaster has occurred lacks security but aid and relief is given that increases development that helps to increase security. How to cite No Security Without Development, Papers

Kinship of Family

Kinship refers to the link that exists among people who are related to each other either by marriage or blood. This link is important because it defines somebody’s history. Kinship is used in most communities to dictate how properties are distributed among one’s descendants. The volume of properties received is dependent on the beneficiary’s number in the family order.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kinship of Family specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among communities that speak the same vernacular language, the language is used as the unifying factor because it is used to distinguish that community from other communities. Residing in a common geographical location was responsible for fostering strong bonds due to frequent interaction. There are two ways through which kinship can be acquired and they include marriage and through blood. The strength of these links does not rely on their source . A link based on marriage can disintegrate after the marriage has collapsed. In contrary affiliation by blood is thought to have the strongest foundation and is said to end when death walks in. In my typical family setup the affiliation that exists among family members is used to hold it together. For instance, if my father was to divorce my mother, my link with the two of them would remain intact unless I take sides. This is because the link between me and both of them is based on blood while theirs is based on love. In the above mentioned scenario it is certain that links that are based on blood are stronger and cannot be compared to links based on the marriage because the partners in marriage are united by their strong feelings towards each other and when these feelings fade away the link between them is then broken. In our culture, the first born male is accorded the same respect as his father and is responsible for the continuation of family name. Female children are not able to participate in family name continuation because traditions dictate that when a woman is married she becomes more attached to her new family. The male first born is usually consulted before a decision is made because if the father of the family does not exist the first born male assumes his role. Mothers tend to favor the child who is more financially stable than the rest. Studies in the recent past have proved that this favor is natural among females.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In ancient days our community supported marriage strongly because they knew the family was the basic unit that determined the survival of a community. In today’s world these cultures have been eliminated by modernization. Descendants of a given family name were avoided by many because it was perceived that by marrying such people will bring bad blood into a family name. Children who are not fi nancially stable enjoy limited authority in decision making process in their families because they are only allowed to implement decisions that have been made by those considered to be more intelligent. Money commands power in our family regardless of whether the wealthy child is the last born in the family. Experience cannot be bought over the counter and thus one would expect the first born of the family whether male or female to be given the first priority in giving counsel to his siblings. Favoring one child over the other fosters jealousy in the family against the child who is seen as the apple of parent’s eye. Property inheritance should be done with evenness because all the children enjoy the same rights in their family. In most families within our community, property inheritance has led to many wrangles that are extended to their offsprings. Children who are more successful than their siblings tend to take advantage of their siblings. Parents also are also known to di slike children who are named after the parents of their partner. This is most likely to happen if the bond between the in-laws and their brother’s wife is soar. It is worth noting that the character traits exhibited by one’s children reflect those of his/her parents. Favoritism makes those who are more preferred than others feel like they are superior to their siblings, and hence decisions in that family must safe guard their interests. Sometimes parent ignite family wrangles by allocating more property to one child. Parents should distribute their property equally among their children unless their children recommend so. This evenness will promote unity in a family. Thus children in our society are encouraged to exercise respect to each other. This essay on Kinship of Family was written and submitted by user Haven Salas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Prohibition Party essays

The Prohibition Party essays When you hear Prohibition you probably think of the 1920s and the eighteenth amendment, which was a failure, but it is most likely that you have never heard of the political party called the Prohibition Party who was behind the prohibition of intoxicating liquors. The Prohibition Party was organized in 1869; their chief aim was, and still is, the abolition of the liquor traffic (Stanwood). On September 1, 1869 five hundred men and women delegates gathered in Farewell Hall Chicago Ill. to form the new political party. The Prohibition Party is the oldest of the third parties. On its first national convention in Columbus Ohio February 22, 1872 only nine states were represented at the convention (www.antisaloon). James Black, a Pennsylvanian, was nominated for president of the political party (Stanwood). In its early years the party was strongest in Ohio and New York, holding the balance of power in the latter in the presidential election of 1884(Britannica). Candidates appeared in every presidential campaign, but they never won an elector. That goes to show that the public doesnt agree with the values of the Prohibition Party. The peak of its popular support was reached in 1892 with 271,000 votes, and the low ebb in 1928 with a total of 20,000(Stanwood). It is only logical that the party would shrink in size and supporters due to the eighteenth amendment not working. In 1896 the money management was questionable and the party temporarily split up. Through its educational activities and its strong appeal to the moral sentiment of the people, the party exerted an influence for a more effective governmental policy toward the liquor problem (www.antisaloon). While its primary object has been the prohibition of the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors, it has also sparked other political, economic and social reforms, many of which have been backed up by the major ...

Profile of Serial Killer Rodney Alcala

Profile of Serial Killer Rodney Alcala Rodney Alcala is a convicted rapist, torturer, and serial killer who evaded justice for 40 years. Dubbed the Dating Game Killer Alcala was once a contestant on the show, The Dating Game, where he won a date with another contestant. However, the date never happened because the woman found him to be too creepy. Alcalas Childhood Years Rodney Alcala was born on August 23, 1943, in San Antonio, Texas to Raoul Alcala Buquor and Anna Maria Gutierrez. His father left, leaving Anna Maria to raise Alcala and his sisters alone. At around the age of 12, Anna Maria moved the family to Los Angeles. At the age of 17, Alcala joined the Army and remained there until 1964 when he received a medical discharge after being diagnosed with a severe anti-social personality. Alcala, now out of the Army, enrolled in UCLA School of Fine Arts where is earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1968. This is the same year that he kidnapped, raped, beat, and tried to kill his first known victim. Tali Shapiro Tali Shapiro was an 8-year-old on her way to school when she was lured into Alcalas car, an act that did not go unnoticed by a nearby motorist who followed the two and contacted police. Alcala took Tali into his apartment where he raped, beat, and attempted to strangle her with a 10-pound metal bar. When police arrived, they kicked in the door and found Tali laying on the kitchen floor in a large puddle of blood and not breathing. Because of the brutality of the beating, they thought she was dead and begin to search for Alcala in the apartment. A police officer, returning to the kitchen, saw Tali struggling to breathe. All attention went to trying to keep her alive, and at some point, Alcala managed to slip out the back door. When searching Alcalas apartment, the police found several pictures, many of young girls. They also found out his name and that he had attended UCLA. But it took several months before they would find Alcala. On the Run but Not Hiding Alcala, now using the name John Berger, fled to New York and enrolled in NYU film school. From 1968 to 1971, even though he was listed on the FBIs most wanted list, he lived undetected and in full view. Playing the role of a groovy film student, amateur photographer, single hot shot, Alcala moved around New Yorks single clubs. During the summer months, he worked at an all girls summer drama camp in New Hampshire. In 1971, two girls attending the camp recognized Alcala on a wanted poster at the post office. The police were notified, and Alcala was arrested. Indeterminate Sentencing In August 1971, Alcala was returned to Los Angeles, but the prosecutors case had a major flaw - Tali Shapiros family had returned to Mexico soon after Tali recovered from the attack. Without their main witness, the decision was made to offer Alcala a plea deal. Alcala, charged with rape, kidnapping, assault, and attempted murder, accepted a deal to plead guilty to child molestation. The other charges were dropped. He was sentenced to one year to life and was paroled after 34 months under the indeterminate sentencing program. The program allowed a parole board, not a judge, to decide on when offenders could be released based on if they appeared rehabilitated. With Alcalas ability to charm, he was back out on the streets in less than three years. Within eight weeks he returned to prison for violating his parole for providing marijuana to a 13-year-old girl. She told police that Alcala kidnapped her, but he was not charged. Alcala spent another two years behind bars and was released in 1977, again under the indeterminate sentencing program. He returned to Los Angeles and got a job as a typesetter for the Los Angeles Times. More Victims It did not take long for Alcala to get back into his murderous rampage. The Murder of Jill Barcomb, Los Angeles County In November 1977, Alcala raped, sodomized, and murdered 18-year-old Jill Barcomb, a New York native who had recently moved to California. Alcala used a large rock to smash in her face and strangle her to death by tying her belt and pant leg around her neck.Alcala then left her body in a mountainous area in the foothills near Hollywood, where she was discovered Nov. 10, 1977, posed on her knees with her face in the dirt.Murder of Georgia Wixted, Los Angeles County In December 1977, Alcala raped, sodomized, and murdered 27-year-old nurse Georgia Wixted. Alcala used a hammer to sexually abuse Georgia, then used the claw end of the hammer to beat and smash in her head. He strangled her to death using a nylon stocking and left her body posed in her Malibu apartment. Her body was discovered Dec. 16, 1977.Murder of Charlotte Lamb, Los Angeles County In June 1979, Alcala raped, beat, and murdered 33-year-old legal secretary Charlotte Lamb. Alcal a strangled Charlotte to death using a shoelace from her shoe and left her body posed in a laundry room of an El Segundo apartment complex where it was discovered on June 24, 1979. Murder of Jill Parenteau, Los Angeles County In June 1979, Alcala raped and murdered 21-year-old Jill Parenteau in her Burbank apartment. He strangled Jill to death using a cord or nylon. Alcalas blood was collected from the scene after he cut himself crawling through a window. Based on a semi-rare blood match, Alcala was linked to the murder. He was charged with murdering Parenteau, but the case was later dismissed.Murder of Robin Samsoe, Orange County On June 20, 1979, Alcala approached 12-year-old Robin Samsoe and her friend Bridget Wilvert at Huntington Beach and asked them to pose for pictures. After posing for a series of photographs, a neighbor intervened and asked if everything was alright and Samsoe took off. Later Robin got on a bike and headed to an afternoon dance class. Alcala kidnapped and murdered Samsoe and dumped her body near the Sierra Madre in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. Her body was scavenged by animals, and her skeletal remains were discovered on July 2, 1979. Her front teeth had been knocked out by Alcala. Arrested After the Samsoe murder, Alcala rented a storage locker in Seattle, where police found hundreds of photos of young women and girls and a bag of personal items that they suspected belonged to Alcalas victims. A pair of earrings found in the bag were identified by Samsoes mother as being a pair she owned. Alcala was also identified by several people as the photographer from the beach on the day Samsoe was kidnapped. Following an investigation, Alcala was charged, tried, and convicted for Samsoes murder in 1980. He was sentenced to receive the death penalty. The conviction was later overturned by the California Supreme Court. Alcala was again tried and convicted of the murder of Samsoe in 1986 and was again sentenced to the death penalty. The second conviction was overturned by the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals. Three Times a Charm While awaiting his third trial for the murder of Samsoe, DNA collected from the murder scenes of Barcomb, Wixted, and Lamb was linked to Alcala. He was charged with the four Los Angeles murders, including Parenteau. At the third trial, Alcala represented himself as his defense attorney and argued that he was at Knotts Berry Farm on the afternoon that Samsoe was murdered. Alcala did not contest the charges that he committed the murders of the four Los Angeles victims but rather focused on the Samsoe charges. At one point he took the stand and questioned himself in third-person, changing his tone depending on if he was acting as his lawyer or as himself. On Feb. 25, 2010, the jury found Alcala guilty of all five counts of capital murder, one count of kidnapping and four counts of rape. During the penalty phase, Alcala attempted to sway the jury away from the death penalty by playing the song Alices Restaurant by Arlo Guthrie, which includes the lyrics, I mean, I wanna, I wanna kill. Kill. I wanna, I wanna see, I wanna see blood and gore and guts and veins in my teeth. Eat dead burnt bodies. I mean kill, Kill, KILL, KILL. His strategy did not work, and the jury quickly recommended the death penalty to which the judge agreed. More Victims? Immediately after Alcalas conviction, the Huntington Police released 120 of Alcalas photos to the public. Suspecting that Alcala had more victims, the police asked for the publics help in identifying the women and children in the photos. Since then several of the unknown faces have been identified. New York Murders Two murder cases in New York have also been linked through DNA to Alcala. TWA flight attendant Cornelia Michael Crilley, was murdered in 1971 while Alcala was enrolled at NYU. Ciros Nightclub heiress Ellen Jane Hover was murdered in 1977 during the time that Alcala had received permission from his parole officer to go to New York to visit family. Currently, Alcala is on death row at San Quentin State Prison. Sources Orange County District Attorney48 Hours Mystery: Rodney Alcalas Killing Game

The Effect of Management Style on Employee Behavior Essay

The Effect of Management Style on Employee Behavior - Essay Example Moreover, such theories and styles have been classified into distinct areas depending upon the time of evolution and the line of thought followed. For example, the theories pertaining to scientific management is now considered as traditional theories and is not taken seriously now. Other theories have been classified as motivational, while still others have been classified on the basis of style. The important and influential ones are discussed here briefly. Traditional theories of leadership were the ones that evolved during the beginning of the twentieth century and practically came about to increase productivity of labourers during the industrial revolution. What is to be noted that such theories were considered to be too inhuman and were replaced to a large extent by those that are attuned towards the needs and feelings of employees. The two influential theorists at that time were Frederick Winslow Taylor and Max Weber. 1.1.1.1 Taylor’s scientific management theory: Taylor’s observations about management and work practices made huge impression during the time his theory of scientific management was published. He changed the arbitrary or rule of thumb practices (lack of standardization or scientific approach) adopted by organizations of the time. Each organization had their own ways of management and production which was very wasteful by modern day standards and Taylor could bring about a great change in this regard. Taylor brought in some rules that are even followed today. His approach required a strong hierarchy of command, responsibility, compensation based on productivity, separation of planning and other processes, and specialization of labour. He also brought in the concept of management by exception where routine matters were left to low and middle level management and only exceptional matters be brought to the attention of the top management. Many of his concepts are still in use today thought not necessarily in its original

Business Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Plan - Term Paper Example We exhibit a more consumer friendly corporate persona, which makes us more attractive for an economy conducive to socially responsible business ethics. Hence we offer â€Å"green† products and services that are environmentally safe. This helps our company define further separate ourselves as an identity unique from our competition. The current market for our products can be easily converted to our firm because we offer competitive products that offer unique advantages for our customers, their customers, and the environment. We predict that we will be able to reach a global consumer base of satisfied and loyal customers that could permanently establish our company as a major shareholder in the industry. Business Description Clean Wheels has the potential to be one of the leading car wash companies in the area. The market is becoming increasingly stagnant as the market for stand alone brick and motor car washes dominate the industry. Our business structure utilizes a nationalize d networking system where we are able to independently contract workers in different parts of the U.S. to wash peoples cars on demand at their specific locations. These washes can occur while they are at work or at home. This makes access to convenient car washes more accessible. The most interesting aspect of this company is that it is able to outsource the major cost of equipment to the individual contractors who will fulfill the service. While the company merely maintains a website and call center to process the orders for washes, the network that the site leverages helps decrease the overhead cost. The internet is growing as a medium for individuals to shop through which poses a significant business opportunity to our company. By capitalizing on generating leads, we are capable of creating a new layer in the existing market which allows us to profit from the logistical centralization of the sales framework. Moreover, we are going to mandate that our drivers use specific soaps an d cloths in order to represent the overall branding strategy of going green. Consumers are increasingly loyal to companies that make attempts to respect the environment amid fears of reaching a point of no return. Industry and Market Analysis Market Summary: The national market for car wash companies is becoming increasingly competitive as the industry becomes consolidated in major markets and segmented where there are lower population numbers. Moreover, the internet is becoming a major destination for shoppers. Especially for affluent individuals who are likely to be the heavy users of the service that we provide. While our end user is the consumer who gets their car detailed, our direct customers are the contractors who are going to wash the cars. This makes our company increasingly dynamic in terms of our ability to create competition within different regions by allowing individuals to bid for our contracts. Market Demographics The profile for Soapy Rides' target customer consist s of the following geographic,   demographic, and behavior factors: Demographics Male:   female- 63%: 37%.   The reason for this discrepancy in the male to female   ratio is due to the fact that men on average care more about   their automobiles.   The data indicates that men are more likely to dedicate a portion of the budget to their cars with   accessories. Additionally they are more likely to

Characteristics of Pure Competition

Characteristics of Pure Competition 1.0 Introduction Basic microeconomic theory states that firms should seek to maximize profits and that this is achieved where marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost. A number of assumptions underpin this theory, including the assumptions that firms clearly understand the nature of the demand for their products, and why people buy, and that they are willing and able to control production and sales as the model demands. In reality, decision makers do not have perfect knowledge and production and sales are affected by suppliers and distributors. However, this basic theory has resulted in the development of market models and characteristics of these in respect of barriers to entry into the industry, the number of firms in the industry, whether those firms produce a standardized product or try to differentiate their products from those of other firm. At the early 1920s, only two distinct market models are present in the economic studies which are Pure Competition and Pure Monopoly. However, economist found out that most firms operate in markets that fall between the extremes of pure competition and pure monopoly. These firms do not face competition from numerous rival producers all selling a homogeneous product at a single price. Instead, most firms in the real commercial world face varying degrees of competition. In some cases, there are competitions offering more or less identical products; in other instances, firms produce and sell differentiated products. In the latter case, a competitors product is merely an attractive su bstitute. In the real commercial world, there may be numerous competitor, or there may be only a few other sellers in a given market. The need of for a more accurate world for markets of this type of this type led to the development of imperfect market to refer to such markets. Imperfect competition refers to markets lying in between the two extreme forms of markets, pure competition and pure monopoly. In order to bridge the gap of these extreme forms of market structure, two economists, Joan Robinson of Cambridge University of England and Edward Chamberlin of Harvard University in the U.S.A., introduced independently a third market world to explain and illustrate the theory of imperfect competition in the year of 1993. In other words, their model of market organization is what as refer as monopolistic competition. As a result of the variations between the markets present, four distinct market structures are introduced: Pure Competition, Pure Monopoly, Monopolistic competition, and Oligopoly. Pure Competiton Pure Competition is a rarity as such as a theoretical market model. Pure competition involves a very large number of firms producing a standardized, non differentiated product that is exactly identical to that of other firms as perfectly competitive. Pure Competition is a market which firms will only make normal profits, the amount required for them to stay in the industry. In Pure Competition market there are no major barriers to entry into the industry so new firms can enter or exit the industry very easily. If a Pure Competition market reaches a situation which supply exceeds demand then the ruling market price is forced down and only the efficient firms survive. Monopolistic competition Monopolistic competition is characterized by a relatively large number of sellers producing differentiated products such as clothing, furniture and books. However, as there are once more no major barriers to entry the above situation concerning profits applies in terms of long run. Newcomers increase supply and although those firms with distinctive products can charge some premium they will still have to move in line with market prices generally, which made the price takers. This will have a dampening effect on profits the firms gained. Monopoly Pure monopoly is a market structure in which one firm is the sole seller of a product or service. Only a small number or even one large firm is dominant and constitutes the entire industry. Pure monopoly is a real opportunity for supernatural profits, in excess of what is required to stay in business since the entry of additional firms is blocked or the barrier is high to entry. Monopolist produces a unique product that the firms make no effort to differentiate its product. Only in monopoly, excess profits could be made if government did not act as a restraint but under normal circumstances their actions in terms of supply and pricing are monitored and regulated. Oligopoly Oligopoly involves only a small number of large firms of an identical or similar product. This situation resulted in each of the firms tend to be wary of each other as rivals and the prices are held back to some extent for a fear of losing the market share. Firms are interdependent and fear that a price decrease will be met by competitors and price increases will not. There are two types of oligopoly, depending on whether opportunities exist for significant differentiation. In all of these models competition is a major determinant of profit potential and therefore objectives must be set with competitors in mind. The firms that we have chosen for this assignment are Tesco Astro Kaspersky Lab Weng Yeang Hang Malaysia Nescafe Carlsberg Cavenzi Air Asia Coca-cola Indah Water consortium Bhd Maxis Face To Face Petronas Gas GSCinemas Brands Outlet Nike Casio Tenaga National Bhd Logitech Telekom Malaysia Bhd 2.0. Pure Competition Characteristics of Pure Competition There are few characteristic of pure competition. One of the characteristic is large number of small sellers in this market. Therefore, the action of any single seller does not have a significant effect on other sellers in the market. Also, it is assumed that many buyers and resources (particularly capital) can easily be transferred into and out of the industry. Secondly, there is no product differentiation in pure competition concept. All firm sell identical products. In other words, all products are completely standardized product in this concept. There are numerous firms in pure competition; each one is so small a part of the market that it cannot alter the market price by selling a little more or little less of its own output. Thirdly, pure competition has been used to refer to markets in which firms are price takers historically. Any firm in a market will be price takers accordance to four conditions; 1. All of firm in the market are producing an identical produce; 2. There a la rge number of firms exist in the market; 3. Each firm supplies only a very small portion of the total amount supplied to the market; 4. No barriers limit in the entry or exit in the market. Weng Yeang Hang Malaysia Sdn Bhd Products Weng Yeang Hang Malaysia Sdn Bhd supplies agricultural goods and food products. Justification After I studied market model of pure competition, I have realized pure competition is relatively rare in the real world market; this market model is highly relevant. I founded that Weng Yeong Hang Malaysia Sdn Bhd has the characteristic of the closest firm to a pure competition market structure. One of the factors Wenf Yeong Hang Malaysia Sdn Bhd belonged to Pure Competition market is that there is a very large number of independently acting sellers who also sells agricultural goods and food product, often proposing their products in international markets. The product supplied by this firm is standardized or identical. If the price is the same, consumers will be unconcerned about which seller to buy the product from. Besides that, new firms can freely entry and existing firms can freely leave purely competitive industries. Lastly, this firm may is a price taker due to this firm exerts no major control over product price. Each firm produces such a minor portion of total output that gr owing or diminishing its output will not clearly influence total supply or, therefore, produce price. 3.0 Monopolistic Competition Characteristics of Monopolistic Competition One of the characteristic of Monopolistic Competition is that there are many numbers of firms in the industry producing and selling a slightly but yet differentiated product in terms of brand, quality, location, services and other factors. Firms which operate under Monopolistic Competition normally have no control over the price of the product. In a Monopolistic Competition market, the barriers to entry to industry are easy and non price competition with advertising, brand names, trademarks etc to boost their respective ruling over a certain market. Many producers in Monopolistic Competition sell products that areÂÂ  differentiatedÂÂ  from one another as goods but they are not perfectÂÂ  substitutes for that certain product which is similar to it.ÂÂ   Kaspersky Lab Products Kaspersky Labs products for home and home office are specifically designed software to provide hassle-free and quality protection against viruses, worms and other malicious programs, as well as hacker attacks, spam and spyware Justification Kaspersky Lab is considered as a firm operating in the monopolistic competition market structure because there are many firms providing different types of antivirus software in Malaysia. From a roughly estimated report on the internet regarding the numbers of antivirus software present in the current market, there are 10 to 15 antivirus software firms which are selling antivirus software. Even though each of these products shared the same purpose of defending against malwares, but there is still an element of differentiation in each of the products itself. Kaspersky Lab is selling many differentiated products which is claimed to be substitutable products but not perfectly substitutable with antivirus firm by other competitors. For example, customers will choose different brand of antivirus as they please. The antivirus industry is easy to entry and exit because the antivirus software that are easy to be replaced by another substitutes and the cost production are lesser compare to the products produced in the monopoly and oligopoly market structures. Nescafe Products Nescafe produces a combination of freeze-dried coffee granules, coffee bean and instant coffee all in one powder. Justification Nescafe is considered as a firm operating in the monopolistic competition market structure because there are many brand of firms is selling instant coffee powder in Malaysia like Power Root and Ah Huat White Coffee. Nescafe is selling a varieties of differentiated products which is claimed to be substitutable products but not perfectly substitutable with coffee drink by other competitors. For examples, there are many brands of instant coffee powder with different packaging, ingredient of the product and price. There are independent action means with numerous of coffee firms in an industry, and each firm can determine its own pricing policy without considering the possible reactions of rival firms. Nescafe are no personal selling because the product is of low unit value and do not have they own chain of retail stores. Cavenzi Products Cavenzi is a company to sell low price and many type of furniture Justification Cavenzi is considered operating in the monopolistic competition market structure because there are many brand of firm also selling furniture in Malaysia. Cavenzi is selling many differentiated products which is claimed to be substitutable products but not perfectly substitutable with furniture by other competitors. For examples, it had many brand of furniture just different package, design, ingredient of product and price. There are Independent action means with numerous of furniture firm in an industry, and each firm can determine its own pricing policy without considering the possible reactions of rival firms. Coca-cola Company Products Coca-Cola produces a variety of soft drinks and refreshment beverages. Justification Coca-cola Company is considered operating in the monopolistic competition market structure because there are large numbers of soft drink dealer in Asia. Based on the current Asia market, it is roughly estimated that there are 10 or more firms are selling soft drinks. Coca-cola is selling many differentiate products which is claimed to be respond to customer requirements. However, among all the soft drink, each of them may have some differentiated attributes to their product. For example, the soft drinks are differentiated by different packaging or creativity advertising. There are some but within rather narrow limits due to the changes of price are no cause big effects to their consumer. Moreover, the condition of entry the market those are relatively easy because the cost of production quit lower and that can product many at same time. Coca-Cola Company considerable emphasis on advertising, brand names trademarks as the creative advertising released by Coca-Cola Company profound att ention to the public. Compare with another soft drink their different of taste and ingredient to making price competition in the market. Face To Face Products Face To Face provided noodle as its main product and there also got sell drinks, fried rice and snacks as like restaurant. Justification Face To Face is considered operating in the monopolistic competition market structure because there are large numbers of restaurant selling in Asia. Fact To Face is selling differentiated products to be perfectly substitutable with restaurants sold by other competitors. For example, if restaurant are full slot and customer has choice go to Face To Face and older food as their like. However, among all the restaurants, each of them may have some differentiated attributes to their product. For example, restaurants have different packaging or some has delivery services. There is some but within rather narrow limits due to the changes of price are no cause big effects to their consumer. Moreover, the condition of entry the market those are relatively easy because the cost of production quit lower and that can product many at same time. Face To Face have its own pricing policy and it considerable emphasis on advertising, brand names trademarks as they are promote many economic food to attr act their product from public. It will consider price competition with other restaurant. Brands Outlet Products Brands Outlet is one of a brand under Padini Holdings Bhd. They offer a variety of brands, styles and items for men, women and children. Another feature of Brands Outlet is that the store layout is designed to make the shopping experience easy and fun. Justification Brands outlet considered as market model of monopolistic competition because there have many other band tee in the market we know, so it consider as relatively large number of sellers. Each of band tee firm own market shares that have a comparatively small percentage of the total market and consequently has limited control over market price. They are no collusion to each firm due to restrict output and set prices are unlikely. Besides that, they always do promotion like graphic tee RM50/ 3 pieces due to product differentiation to do some control over price. The consumers will pay for it to satisfy their preferences. Nike Products Nike is known by every teenager or sporty guy. We mostly recognize this brand though to the sport shoes. They also developed some accessories for sport and tee. Justification Nike considered as a market model of monopolistic competition due to few factors. The first factor is that the Nike shoes industry (Nikes product mainly on sport shoes) has many competitors like Adidas and Puma which is selling similar products. Nike has its own unique design, quality of work to create a sense of differentiation in their products in order to gain the upper hand in the industry. Nike retailing store often compete mainly on the basis of location. Locations which are close to consumers like a busy street or mall. In additionally, they may advertise their produces that differs from rivals product with famous football players. Casio Products Casio produces projector, cash registers, label printer and other product that benefit to businessman. Justification Casio considered as market model of monopolistic competition because either one of product that them selling has a lot of competitors. Like categorises of watches, the rival present are Rolex, Citizen, Seiko and Skagen. Casio has small market shares in each of firm has a comparatively small percentage of the total market and consequently has limited control over market. They have its own independent action each other, with numerous firms in an industry, there is no feeling of interdependence among them. Each of they can determine its own pricing policy without considering the possible reactions of rival firms. Logitech Products Logitech provide computer peripherals that are essential to our laptop and desktop such as mouse, keyboard, speaker and microphone. Justification Logitech considered as market model of monopolistic competition because them have relatively large of number of sellers in the market. There is no collusion between Logitech to other computer peripherals firm. The presence of relatively large number of firms to restrict output and set prices us unlikely. Logitech is selling a bunch of differentiated products to be perfectly substitutable with other computer peripherals sold by other competitors. For example, if one of Logitechs mice sold out, the consumers also can choice other Logitechs mice provided in the shop. However, among all the computer peripherals, each of them may have some differentiated attributes to their product. Different packaging and performance are to be expected on other computer peripherals. There is some but within rather narrow limits due to the changes of price are no cause big effects to their consumer. Moreover, the condition of entry the market those are relatively easy because the cost of production quit l ower and that can product many at same time. Logitechs computer peripherals considerable emphasis on advertising, brand names trademarks as they are promote many computer peripherals to attract their product from public. 4.0 Pure Monopoly Characteristic of Monopoly Monopoly has extensive market control. It controls the selling side of the market. They must pay the monopoly firm if anyone wants to get the production sold by the monopoly firm. This means that the demand curve facing the monopoly is the market demand curve, they are one and the same. There is only one firm but not a lot of small firms in a monopolized industry because there are no close substitutes in the market. A monopoly often owes its monopoly status to the fact that other potential producers are prevented from entering the market. No freedom of entry here. Neither is there perfect information. A monopoly firm often has specialized information, such as patents or copyright which are not available to other potential producers. The most important aspect of being a single seller is that the monopoly seller is the market. The market demand for a good is the demand for the output produced by the monopoly. This makes monopoly a price maker, rather than a price taker. And of course, a Monopoly market structure must have a unique product with no close substitutes to be the only seller of a product. Hence, seller has full control over the market price, and also there is no need to advertise for his goods. ASTRO Products The Malaysian direct broadcast satellite (DBS) Paid TV service. It transmits digital satellite television, movie and radio to Malaysia Bruneis households. The name Astro is an acronym for All-Asian Satellite Television and Radio Operator. Since 2008, a video streaming service to mobile phone users throughout the country (Astro Mobile TV) has been offering by ASTRO and subsequently Astro B.yond Mobile. Justification ASTRO is considered as operating in the pure monopoly market structure because there are only one number of firm which provide broadcast satellite Pay TV service in Malaysia. They control the market for pay TV equipment and accessories. ASTRO has sole control over price. Besides, ASTRO is selling unique products which is claimed to be non substitutable by other firms products. For example: No other firms give services like ASTRO did, so if costumers want to get the services from ASTRO, they just have to pay them. For ASTRO subscribers, it is nothing but pay, pay and pay for everything from the day of installation and even when they decide for early termination. Late payment charges, reinstallation charges and servicing charges add on. TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD (TNB) Products TENAGE NASIONAL BERHAD (TNB), the sole provider for electricity in Malaysia. TNB has a monopoly over the transmission and distribution of electricity in Peninsular Malaysia. TNB is responsible for electricity generation, transmission and distribution and retail supply in Peninsula Malaysia. Justification TENAGE NASIONAL BERHAD (TNB) is as considered as operating in the pure monopoly market structure because it is the only provider of electricity in Malaysia. TNB has a monopoly over the transmission and distribution of electricity in Peninsular Malaysia and it has sole control over the price. Besides, TNB is selling unique products electricity generation, transmission and distribution and retail supply in Peninsula Malaysia which is claimed to be non-substitutable by other firms products. For example: TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD (TNB) is the only firm which provides transmission and distribution of electricity in Peninsular Malaysia. To get the transmission and distribution of electricity from TNB, all the Malaysian must pay TNB for the respective electricity supply. Telekom Malaysia Bhd (TM) Products The largest telecommunications provider in Malaysia which offers a comprehensive range of communication services and solutions in broadband, data and fixed-line. Justification Telekom Malaysia Bhd (TM) is as considered operating in the pure monopoly market structure because according to UK definition of monopoly, it says that any company holds more than 25% of the market share is consider as monopoly and Telekom Malaysia Bhd (TM) is the largest telecommunications provider in Malaysia which holds more than 25% of the market. Telekom has set up the fibre optic backbone in the westerm Malaysia, this allowed Telekom Malaysia to set a slighty hight than the normal price, along with the governments consent, this made Telekom Malaysia Bhd (TM) a price maker instead than a price taker. Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd Products Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd, a national sewerage company, owned by Minister of Finance Incorporated, is responsible for providing sewerage services, operating and maintaining over 5,750 public sewage treatment plants and 13,000km networks of sewerage pipelines. Justification Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd is as considered operating in the pure monopoly market structure because it is the only supplier of sewerage services, operating and maintaining on sewage treatment plants and pipelines in Malaysia. Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd has a monopoly over the sewerage services, operating and maintaining on sewage treatment plants and pipelines in Malaysia and it has sole control over the price. Besides, Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd is selling unique services which is claimed to be non substitutable. For example: Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd provides sewerage service like no other firm did, so if costumers want to get the services from Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd, they must pay them. PETRONAS Gas Bhd Products Petronas Gas Bhd supplied petroleum, natural gas, liquidated petroleum gas and other types of fossil fuels to automobiles and household. Justification PETRONAS Gas Bhd is considered as operating in the pure monopoly market structure because there is only one price in market which control by government. Government control the price of the product for there is no close substitute. Government attempted to set the price into the same, so that the price would not has large difference. By this, Government regulates in the public interest. For example: when the price of the petrol are same everywhere in Malaysia, consolidation of smaller companies into bigger ones enabled some very large corporations to escape market discipline by fixing prices or undercutting competitors. 5.0 Oligopoly Characteristics of Oligopoly An oligopoly are maximizes profits by producing where the marginal revenue equals to marginal costs and oligopolies are price setters rather than price takers. The barriers to entry are high but there only so few firms that actions of one firm can influence the actions of the other firms. They can retain long run abnormal profits and their product may be homogeneous or differentiated. They also have perfect knowledge of their own cost and demand functions but their inter-firm information may be incomplete but buyer have only imperfect knowledge as to price, cost and product quality only. The distinctive feature of an oligopoly is interdependence, typically composed of a few large firms. Each firm is so large that its actions affect market conditions therefore the competing firms will be aware of a firms market actions and will respond appropriately. Tesco Products Tesco is a supermarket, it offering a wide variety of food and household products such as meats, vegetables, soft drink, television, air conditioner and etc. Justification Tesco is considered operating in the oligopoly market structure because Malaysia has many other supermarkets such as Jusco, Giant and Carrefour so they always have price war between each other and we as a consumer will get more benefit about this. Let say if Tescos soft drinks price drops then another supermarket soft drinks will also drop because they are interdependent. Tescos price strategy is more focus on Tescos Low Price Guarantee and Every Day Low Price strategy so Tesco is performing long run abnormal profit. Carlsberg lager beer Products Carlsberg lager beer is the flagship in the Carlsberg Groups portfolio of beers. It contains 5% alcohol by volume (ABV). Justification Carlsberg beer is considered operating in the oligopoly market structure because Malaysia has many other beers such as Tiger beer, Heineken beer and etc. They have price war between each other like price of the Carlsberg beer drop then Tiger beer will use some reward to retain their sales. Taste of the beers have some different, it mean differentiated and many beers pop out from the market but they cant survive in this market because of the start-up cost are high. Carlsberg has put forward a new marketing strategy for Carlsberg Sport, the energy drink so they already created a new field of the market and this is a long term strategy. Air Asia Products Air Asia is Asia largest low-fare, no frills airline and pioneer of low-cost travel in Asia. AirAsia group operates scheduled domestic and international flights to over 400 destination spanning 25 countries. Justification Air Asia is considered operating in the oligopoly market structure because our country has other air travels such as Malaysia Airlines and Firefly. They are provide the same services for customer but they all still have some different. Let say AirAsia offers free seating but the Malaysia Airlines offers assigned seats and the price between each of them also different. This is the product differentiation of both products. The strategy of AirAsia playing is safety, low fare, good services and simplicity so their market can be strong in the economy market of the air travel. Maxis Products Maxis provide a variety of mobile communication products and services. They offer prepaid call plans, monthly subscription plans, international roaming, MMS and WAP. Justification Maxis is considered operating in the oligopoly market structure because here have other communication company like digi, celcom, and Umobile. Maxis and digi provide the postpaid service to customers but the price of both are different like maxis is RM28 free 200min voice call and 100 SMS, digi is RM43 free 200min and 200 SMS. They can set the price as low as possible but still have minimum profit to earn so they are retain long run. Strategy of Maxis playing are good network coverage around Malaysia, good deal and special offers for different age groups and also target group and always the first to introduce new mobile plans that why Maxis stand at the first of the telecommunication market. Golden Screen Cinema (GSC) Products GSC is a cinema in Malaysia which is operates Malaysias first-ever boutique cinema with only Gold Class and Premiere Class Halls in The Gardens Mall, KL. Justification GSC is considered operating in the oligopoly market structure because Malaysia has many other cinemas like MBO, TGV and BigCinema. Most of the services provided by them are the same but the feeling give to the customers are different like some people feel that GSC more comfortable than other cinema. They still set the price at RM11 per ticket on the weekdays and weekends even though some cinema was increases the price of the but GSC still maintain the price of the ticket which meant GSC are playing long run profit. GSC offers Special Wednesday Rates, selling ticket for only RM6. Children and senior citizens are offered at a price of RM5 per ticket while student will be charged at RM7 before night on the weekdays by flashing their student cards so now Malaysia already have 23 GSC cinema including East Malaysia. 6.0 Conclusion To conclude this assignment it is useful to emphasize the market structure that each firm is operating, in establishing the main strategies and direction in which each firm should take to maximize its profit or to reduce loss as lower as possible. By using the characteristics of each of the four market models, we are able to sort out the market structure of each firm and figure out the advantages and disadvantages of each of the market model. The table below has shows the major characteristics of each market structures. With the help of the table above and the studies done on each firm mentioned in this assignment, we may sort out the firms that weve selected into their respective market model in terms of activities, products and strategies. The table below shows the firms sorted to their respective market model according to their characteristics.

Education In The Working Class Essay

Gradually, there was a rise in the total number of sports that were available to women (although they were still based on the idea of gentle exercise for ‘weak women’) such as skittles and gentle forms of tennis and badminton. Croquet in particular was very popular. There were several indoor versions such as ‘parlour croquet’ ‘table croquet’ and ‘carpet croquet’. Its rise in popularity was due to the fact that it was a social game that could be played by both sexes. The reality however, was that women played an ornamental role, as in-active players who wore stiff corset-like dresses. Although the middle-classes were beginning to be more social, women were still required at all times to remain ‘lady-like’ in their actions and mannerisms. They were often only spectators of men’s sport such as cricket. Tennis started to become more accessible to women, although more of a status symbol rather than for sporting reasons. It started off as a game of pat-ball and began to grow among the middle and upper classes as a more enjoyable way for middle & upper class women to show off their talents. The acquisition of private courts symbolised the affluence of a particular family. Middle-class women also saw it as a way of displaying their ‘cultured mannerisms’ to prospective husbands. Needless to say the traditional stereotype of weak women did not disappear. If men and women played together then the man would always give the woman every advantage possible such as allowing her to stand as close to the net as she would like when serving, and gentle rally’s and shots. The playing of games became an important aspect of middle-class women (although it was rather out of fashion than the thought of it being a necessity for health). The vast majority of middle-class girls were educated in private schools or by private tutors. Exercise was encouraged so that girls could gain a ‘ladylike disposition’. It eventually became a part of the curriculum on par with other skills such as playing the piano, singing and needlework. Typical examples of exercise include crocodile walks, callisthenics, croquet and dancing. To be strong and healthy was deemed to be ‘vulgar’ instead frailty and paleness was encouraged. Late 19th Century – The Beginning Of A Change?  The major changes in women sport occurred through the education of young girls. The encouragement of girls’ sport in schools set a precedent for women. Equal education rights for women were increasingly being lobbied for. In 1848 Queens College and Bedford College in 1849 were landmarks opened for the development of higher education. Other elite schools for middle-class girls were opened such as the Girls’ Public Day School Company (1872) and the Church Schools Company (1883). Specialist colleges of physical education were also established such as the Dartford College (1885) and Anstey College (1897), which were responsible for the training of teachers for physical education of girls and women. The elite schools immediately established a set curriculum for p.e for girls, which included a wider range of activities. This was a substantial change and was quite radical for the time. In light of the changing curriculum for girls there was a gradual shift in medical opinions about girls exercise. Many doctors were in support of more energetic forms of exercise for girls, whilst some were even campaigning for it to be made a compulsory part of the curriculum. They argued that â€Å"prolonged exercise of brain, deficient exercise of limbs† would produce sickness in girls, and that allowing energetic exercise for girls was good preparation for when women needed strength e.g. during pregnancy. Female physical education and sports were influenced by a number of factors towards the end of the 19th century, such as the changing position of women I society, the growing debate about exercise for girls and women, and the opinions of numerous doctors, educational specialists and liberal reformers. Despite new and more varied sports being made available, this differed from school to school and generally there was no overall programme of sports meaning that the standard of sports that were available to girls was a ‘lottery’. Gradually more sports were being included on the physical education syllabus for girls, such as hockey, tennis and cricket. Team games were very much promoted and were beginning to become a serious aspect of daily school life. Inter-house and inter-school competitions became popular with many girls teams beginning to train in the gym in preparations for girls matches. In this way, games playing in girls started to take on the traditional characteristics of boys playing. For this reason, girls’ games playing had to be strongly and regularly justified. It was never argued that girls were equally as strong or stronger than boys, but that girls needed regular exercise to promote a ‘healthy mind’.  Although physical education for girls was improving for the middle and upper classes, it was yet to be mirrored in the education of the working class. The London School Board started to show keenness for some form of exercise for girls in London elementary schools, which was previously non – existent. In 1879 Miss Concordia Lring was appointed as the ‘Lady Superintendent Of Physical Education’ in girls and infant schools. She was trained in Per Henrik Ling’s system of gymnastics and effectively started the training of teachers in gymnastics which then went on to teach in state schools. Her successor, Martina Bergman (who worked for the London School Board from 1882 – 1887) trained 1312 women teachers in Swedish gymnastics who then went on to introduce the system in to 300 schools. By 1888, every girls and infants department were being taught Swedish gymnastics.

How to Create a Database from Scratch in Access 2007